A Comprehensive Protocol Stack for Quantum Networks with a Global Entanglement Module
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866910267792687104 |
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| author | Fan, Xiaojie Ramakrishnan, C. R. Gupta, Himanshu |
| author_facet | Fan, Xiaojie Ramakrishnan, C. R. Gupta, Himanshu |
| contents | The development of large-scale quantum networks requires not only advances in physical-layer technologies but also a comprehensive protocol stack that integrates communication, control, and resource management across all layers. We present the first such protocol stack, which introduces a Global Entanglement Module (GEM) that maintains a consistent, network-wide view of entanglement resources through distributed synchronization strategies. By enabling real-time adaptive execution of entanglement distribution plans, GEM bridges the gap between static planning and dynamic operation. The stack naturally supports pre-distributed entanglement, purification, and multi-partite state generation, making it applicable to a broad range of quantum networking applications. We design and evaluate multiple adaptive heuristics for real-time execution and show that a lightweight scoring-based strategy consistently achieves the best performance, improving entanglement generation rates by about 20% over a globally optimal but non-adaptive fixed-tree baseline and achieving more than a two-fold improvement relative to recent connectionless approaches. Across all scenarios-including predistribution and fidelity analysis-GEM consistently enables lower latency and robust operation. These results establish a practical pathway toward scalable, adaptive quantum internet systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_16817 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Comprehensive Protocol Stack for Quantum Networks with a Global Entanglement Module Fan, Xiaojie Ramakrishnan, C. R. Gupta, Himanshu Quantum Physics Networking and Internet Architecture The development of large-scale quantum networks requires not only advances in physical-layer technologies but also a comprehensive protocol stack that integrates communication, control, and resource management across all layers. We present the first such protocol stack, which introduces a Global Entanglement Module (GEM) that maintains a consistent, network-wide view of entanglement resources through distributed synchronization strategies. By enabling real-time adaptive execution of entanglement distribution plans, GEM bridges the gap between static planning and dynamic operation. The stack naturally supports pre-distributed entanglement, purification, and multi-partite state generation, making it applicable to a broad range of quantum networking applications. We design and evaluate multiple adaptive heuristics for real-time execution and show that a lightweight scoring-based strategy consistently achieves the best performance, improving entanglement generation rates by about 20% over a globally optimal but non-adaptive fixed-tree baseline and achieving more than a two-fold improvement relative to recent connectionless approaches. Across all scenarios-including predistribution and fidelity analysis-GEM consistently enables lower latency and robust operation. These results establish a practical pathway toward scalable, adaptive quantum internet systems. |
| title | A Comprehensive Protocol Stack for Quantum Networks with a Global Entanglement Module |
| topic | Quantum Physics Networking and Internet Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.16817 |