Generalized Momenta-Based Koopman Formalism for Robust Control of Euler-Lagrangian Systems

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Main Authors: Singh, Rajpal, Singh, Aditya, Kashyap, Chidre Shravista, Keshavan, Jishnu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Singh, Rajpal
Singh, Aditya
Kashyap, Chidre Shravista
Keshavan, Jishnu
author_facet Singh, Rajpal
Singh, Aditya
Kashyap, Chidre Shravista
Keshavan, Jishnu
contents This paper presents a novel Koopman operator formulation for Euler Lagrangian dynamics that employs an implicit generalized momentum-based state space representation, which decouples a known linear actuation channel from state dependent dynamics and makes the system more amenable to linear Koopman modeling. By leveraging this structural separation, the proposed formulation only requires to learn the unactuated dynamics rather than the complete actuation dependent system, thereby significantly reducing the number of learnable parameters, improving data efficiency, and lowering overall model complexity. In contrast, conventional explicit formulations inherently couple inputs with the state dependent terms in a nonlinear manner, making them more suitable for bilinear Koopman models, which are more computationally expensive to train and deploy. Notably, the proposed scheme enables the formulation of linear models that achieve superior prediction performance compared to conventional bilinear models while remaining substantially more efficient. To realize this framework, we present two neural network architectures that construct Koopman embeddings from actuated or unactuated data, enabling flexible and efficient modeling across different tasks. Robustness is ensured through the integration of a linear Generalized Extended State Observer (GESO), which explicitly estimates disturbances and compensates for them in real time. The combined momentum-based Koopman and GESO framework is validated through comprehensive trajectory tracking simulations and experiments on robotic manipulators, demonstrating superior accuracy, robustness, and learning efficiency relative to state of the art alternatives.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_17010
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Generalized Momenta-Based Koopman Formalism for Robust Control of Euler-Lagrangian Systems
Singh, Rajpal
Singh, Aditya
Kashyap, Chidre Shravista
Keshavan, Jishnu
Robotics
Systems and Control
This paper presents a novel Koopman operator formulation for Euler Lagrangian dynamics that employs an implicit generalized momentum-based state space representation, which decouples a known linear actuation channel from state dependent dynamics and makes the system more amenable to linear Koopman modeling. By leveraging this structural separation, the proposed formulation only requires to learn the unactuated dynamics rather than the complete actuation dependent system, thereby significantly reducing the number of learnable parameters, improving data efficiency, and lowering overall model complexity. In contrast, conventional explicit formulations inherently couple inputs with the state dependent terms in a nonlinear manner, making them more suitable for bilinear Koopman models, which are more computationally expensive to train and deploy. Notably, the proposed scheme enables the formulation of linear models that achieve superior prediction performance compared to conventional bilinear models while remaining substantially more efficient. To realize this framework, we present two neural network architectures that construct Koopman embeddings from actuated or unactuated data, enabling flexible and efficient modeling across different tasks. Robustness is ensured through the integration of a linear Generalized Extended State Observer (GESO), which explicitly estimates disturbances and compensates for them in real time. The combined momentum-based Koopman and GESO framework is validated through comprehensive trajectory tracking simulations and experiments on robotic manipulators, demonstrating superior accuracy, robustness, and learning efficiency relative to state of the art alternatives.
title Generalized Momenta-Based Koopman Formalism for Robust Control of Euler-Lagrangian Systems
topic Robotics
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17010