The fractions of reflection effect systems detected in different subclasses of hot subdwarfs
Fuente:
arXiv
Enregistré dans:
| Auteurs principaux: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2025
|
| Sujets: | |
| Accès en ligne: | |
| Tags: |
Ajouter un tag
Pas de tags, Soyez le premier à ajouter un tag!
|
| _version_ | 1866911166466359296 |
|---|---|
| author | He, Ruijie Meng, Xiangcun Lei, Zhenxin |
| author_facet | He, Ruijie Meng, Xiangcun Lei, Zhenxin |
| contents | Hot subdwarfs with close low-mass M-type or brown dwarf companions usually show the reflection effect and often also eclipses. Through inspecting the light variations, we estimate the fractions of reflection effect systems detected in different subclasses of hot subdwarfs and constrain their possible formation channels. We noticed that none of the helium-rich hot subdwarfs were found with the reflection effect. Most of them might form through the merger channel. About 13\% of the He-poor hot subdwarfs on the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) with $T_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 25,000 -- 33,000 K are discovered with the reflection effect. Nevertheless, the cooler hot subdwarfs located on the top of the EHB, those grouped on the bottom of the EHB, and those located above the EHB with $T_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 45,000 -- 75,000 K exhibit lower fractions of reflection effect systems of about 2\%. These three subclasses of hot subdwarfs might contain higher fractions of single stars. Hot subdwarfs below the EHB also show a low fraction of reflection effect systems. They might have a higher fraction of stars with close WD companions. A similar fraction of reflection effect systems to those on the EHB with $T_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 25,000 -- 33,000 K is found in hot subdwarfs located above the EHB with $T_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 35,000 -- 45,000 K. We also discovered that hot subdwarfs close to the Galactic Plane might have a higher fraction of stars with the reflection effect than those at higher latitudes. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_17056 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The fractions of reflection effect systems detected in different subclasses of hot subdwarfs He, Ruijie Meng, Xiangcun Lei, Zhenxin Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Hot subdwarfs with close low-mass M-type or brown dwarf companions usually show the reflection effect and often also eclipses. Through inspecting the light variations, we estimate the fractions of reflection effect systems detected in different subclasses of hot subdwarfs and constrain their possible formation channels. We noticed that none of the helium-rich hot subdwarfs were found with the reflection effect. Most of them might form through the merger channel. About 13\% of the He-poor hot subdwarfs on the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) with $T_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 25,000 -- 33,000 K are discovered with the reflection effect. Nevertheless, the cooler hot subdwarfs located on the top of the EHB, those grouped on the bottom of the EHB, and those located above the EHB with $T_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 45,000 -- 75,000 K exhibit lower fractions of reflection effect systems of about 2\%. These three subclasses of hot subdwarfs might contain higher fractions of single stars. Hot subdwarfs below the EHB also show a low fraction of reflection effect systems. They might have a higher fraction of stars with close WD companions. A similar fraction of reflection effect systems to those on the EHB with $T_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 25,000 -- 33,000 K is found in hot subdwarfs located above the EHB with $T_{\rm eff}$ $\sim$ 35,000 -- 45,000 K. We also discovered that hot subdwarfs close to the Galactic Plane might have a higher fraction of stars with the reflection effect than those at higher latitudes. |
| title | The fractions of reflection effect systems detected in different subclasses of hot subdwarfs |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17056 |