Binary black hole merger in the extreme mass ratio limit: a multipolar analysis of the inclined orbit case
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Nagni, Luca Nagar, Alessandro Gamba, Rossella Albanesi, Simone Bernuzzi, Sebastiano |
| author_facet | Nagni, Luca Nagar, Alessandro Gamba, Rossella Albanesi, Simone Bernuzzi, Sebastiano |
| contents | We compute the gravitational waveform emitted during the transition from quasi-spherical inspiral to plunge, merger and ringdown for a system of two black holes in the extreme mass ratio limit, where the primary is spinning and the secondary is represented by a nonspinning point-particle inspiralling along inclined orbits. The point-particle dynamics is described via a Hamiltonian formalism and the transition is driven by an effective-one-body like radiation reaction force. The gravitational waveform is obtained solving numerically, in the time-domain, the Teukolsky equation with a $δ$-like source. The waveform is systematically characterized varying the black hole spin magnitude between $(0,0.9)$ and the inclination angle of the orbit between $(0,π)$. We consider all multipoles up to $\ell=4$ and compute the energy and angular momentum losses during the plunge. The impact of the $m\neq \ell$ modes grows as the inclination angle is increased. We also use our framework to quantify the accuracy of the approximate inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform for an inclined orbit that can be obtained by applying a suitable time-dependent rotation to a given spin-aligned waveform with approximately consistent (but constant) spin-orbit coupling. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_17478 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Binary black hole merger in the extreme mass ratio limit: a multipolar analysis of the inclined orbit case Nagni, Luca Nagar, Alessandro Gamba, Rossella Albanesi, Simone Bernuzzi, Sebastiano General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology We compute the gravitational waveform emitted during the transition from quasi-spherical inspiral to plunge, merger and ringdown for a system of two black holes in the extreme mass ratio limit, where the primary is spinning and the secondary is represented by a nonspinning point-particle inspiralling along inclined orbits. The point-particle dynamics is described via a Hamiltonian formalism and the transition is driven by an effective-one-body like radiation reaction force. The gravitational waveform is obtained solving numerically, in the time-domain, the Teukolsky equation with a $δ$-like source. The waveform is systematically characterized varying the black hole spin magnitude between $(0,0.9)$ and the inclination angle of the orbit between $(0,π)$. We consider all multipoles up to $\ell=4$ and compute the energy and angular momentum losses during the plunge. The impact of the $m\neq \ell$ modes grows as the inclination angle is increased. We also use our framework to quantify the accuracy of the approximate inspiral-merger-ringdown waveform for an inclined orbit that can be obtained by applying a suitable time-dependent rotation to a given spin-aligned waveform with approximately consistent (but constant) spin-orbit coupling. |
| title | Binary black hole merger in the extreme mass ratio limit: a multipolar analysis of the inclined orbit case |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17478 |