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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17535 |
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| _version_ | 1866914093290487808 |
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| author | Yang, Chen-Yu Ye, Huan Zeng, Xiao-Xiong |
| author_facet | Yang, Chen-Yu Ye, Huan Zeng, Xiao-Xiong |
| contents | In this work, we construct spherically symmetric solutions of Bardeen--boson stars within the framework of the Einstein--Klein--Gordon theory coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics by employing numerical methods. Considering a thin accretion disk in the equatorial plane as the light source, we systematically investigate the optical appearance of boson stars using the ray-tracing method and the stereographic projection technique. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the initial scalar field $ϕ_0$, the magnetic charge $\mathcal{G}$, and the observation angle $θ_o$, on the image structure. As compact horizonless objects, boson stars produce optical images dominated by direct emission, while their morphology undergoes significant distortions as $θ_o$ increases. Higher values of $ϕ_0$ and $θ_o$ can give rise to lensing images. For all the parameters, the image center exhibits a brightness depression similar to the inner shadow of black holes, which poses challenges for distinguishing between boson stars and black holes. To address this, we propose two possible approaches: (i) combining the analysis of lensing bands with the effective potential to determine the existence of photon rings; and (ii) examining the polarization effects under synchrotron emission mechanisms. These results provide theoretical support for future high-resolution imaging efforts aimed at discriminating boson stars from black holes. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_17535 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Observational features of the Bardeen-boson star with thin disk accretion Yang, Chen-Yu Ye, Huan Zeng, Xiao-Xiong General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology In this work, we construct spherically symmetric solutions of Bardeen--boson stars within the framework of the Einstein--Klein--Gordon theory coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics by employing numerical methods. Considering a thin accretion disk in the equatorial plane as the light source, we systematically investigate the optical appearance of boson stars using the ray-tracing method and the stereographic projection technique. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the initial scalar field $ϕ_0$, the magnetic charge $\mathcal{G}$, and the observation angle $θ_o$, on the image structure. As compact horizonless objects, boson stars produce optical images dominated by direct emission, while their morphology undergoes significant distortions as $θ_o$ increases. Higher values of $ϕ_0$ and $θ_o$ can give rise to lensing images. For all the parameters, the image center exhibits a brightness depression similar to the inner shadow of black holes, which poses challenges for distinguishing between boson stars and black holes. To address this, we propose two possible approaches: (i) combining the analysis of lensing bands with the effective potential to determine the existence of photon rings; and (ii) examining the polarization effects under synchrotron emission mechanisms. These results provide theoretical support for future high-resolution imaging efforts aimed at discriminating boson stars from black holes. |
| title | Observational features of the Bardeen-boson star with thin disk accretion |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17535 |