Salvato in:
| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
|
| Soggetti: | |
| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17601 |
| Tags: |
Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
|
| _version_ | 1866916960451690496 |
|---|---|
| author | Dunstan, Tom Strickson, Oliver Bennett, Thusal Bowyer, Jack Burnand, Matthew Chappell, James Coca-Castro, Alejandro Dale, Kirstine Ida Daub, Eric G. Eftekhari, Noushin Janmaijaya, Manvendra Lillis, Jon Salvador-Jasin, David Simpson, Nathan Chan, Ryan Sze-Yin Elmasri, Mohamad France, Lydia Allegranza Madge, Sam Bokeria, Levan Brown, Hannah Dodds, Tom Ellis, Anna-Louise Llewellyn-Jones, David McCaie, Theo Moreton, Sophia Potter, Tom Robinson, James Scaife, Adam A. Stenson, Iain Walters, David Bett-Williams, Karina van Zeeland, Louisa Yatsyshin, Peter Hosking, J. Scott |
| author_facet | Dunstan, Tom Strickson, Oliver Bennett, Thusal Bowyer, Jack Burnand, Matthew Chappell, James Coca-Castro, Alejandro Dale, Kirstine Ida Daub, Eric G. Eftekhari, Noushin Janmaijaya, Manvendra Lillis, Jon Salvador-Jasin, David Simpson, Nathan Chan, Ryan Sze-Yin Elmasri, Mohamad France, Lydia Allegranza Madge, Sam Bokeria, Levan Brown, Hannah Dodds, Tom Ellis, Anna-Louise Llewellyn-Jones, David McCaie, Theo Moreton, Sophia Potter, Tom Robinson, James Scaife, Adam A. Stenson, Iain Walters, David Bett-Williams, Karina van Zeeland, Louisa Yatsyshin, Peter Hosking, J. Scott |
| contents | Machine learning weather prediction (MLWP) models have demonstrated remarkable potential in delivering accurate forecasts at significantly reduced computational cost compared to traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. However, challenges remain in ensuring the physical consistency of MLWP outputs, particularly in deterministic settings. This study presents FastNet, a graph neural network (GNN)-based global prediction model, and investigates the impact of alternative loss function designs on improving the physical realism of its forecasts. We explore three key modifications to the standard mean squared error (MSE) loss: (1) a modified spherical harmonic (MSH) loss that penalises spectral amplitude errors to reduce blurring and enhance small-scale structure retention; (2) inclusion of horizontal gradient terms in the loss to suppress non-physical artefacts; and (3) an alternative wind representation that decouples speed and direction to better capture extreme wind events. Results show that while the MSH and gradient-based losses \textit{alone} may slightly degrade RMSE scores, when trained in combination the model exhibits very similar MSE performance to an MSE-trained model while at the same time significantly improving spectral fidelity and physical consistency. The alternative wind representation further improves wind speed accuracy and reduces directional bias. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of loss function design as a mechanism for embedding domain knowledge into MLWP models and advancing their operational readiness. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_17601 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | FastNet: Improving the physical consistency of machine-learning weather prediction models through loss function design Dunstan, Tom Strickson, Oliver Bennett, Thusal Bowyer, Jack Burnand, Matthew Chappell, James Coca-Castro, Alejandro Dale, Kirstine Ida Daub, Eric G. Eftekhari, Noushin Janmaijaya, Manvendra Lillis, Jon Salvador-Jasin, David Simpson, Nathan Chan, Ryan Sze-Yin Elmasri, Mohamad France, Lydia Allegranza Madge, Sam Bokeria, Levan Brown, Hannah Dodds, Tom Ellis, Anna-Louise Llewellyn-Jones, David McCaie, Theo Moreton, Sophia Potter, Tom Robinson, James Scaife, Adam A. Stenson, Iain Walters, David Bett-Williams, Karina van Zeeland, Louisa Yatsyshin, Peter Hosking, J. Scott Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Machine Learning Machine learning weather prediction (MLWP) models have demonstrated remarkable potential in delivering accurate forecasts at significantly reduced computational cost compared to traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. However, challenges remain in ensuring the physical consistency of MLWP outputs, particularly in deterministic settings. This study presents FastNet, a graph neural network (GNN)-based global prediction model, and investigates the impact of alternative loss function designs on improving the physical realism of its forecasts. We explore three key modifications to the standard mean squared error (MSE) loss: (1) a modified spherical harmonic (MSH) loss that penalises spectral amplitude errors to reduce blurring and enhance small-scale structure retention; (2) inclusion of horizontal gradient terms in the loss to suppress non-physical artefacts; and (3) an alternative wind representation that decouples speed and direction to better capture extreme wind events. Results show that while the MSH and gradient-based losses \textit{alone} may slightly degrade RMSE scores, when trained in combination the model exhibits very similar MSE performance to an MSE-trained model while at the same time significantly improving spectral fidelity and physical consistency. The alternative wind representation further improves wind speed accuracy and reduces directional bias. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of loss function design as a mechanism for embedding domain knowledge into MLWP models and advancing their operational readiness. |
| title | FastNet: Improving the physical consistency of machine-learning weather prediction models through loss function design |
| topic | Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics Machine Learning |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17601 |