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Main Authors: Liu, Shoupan, Liu, Yunqi, Peng, Yan, Zhang, Cheng-Yong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17892
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author Liu, Shoupan
Liu, Yunqi
Peng, Yan
Zhang, Cheng-Yong
author_facet Liu, Shoupan
Liu, Yunqi
Peng, Yan
Zhang, Cheng-Yong
contents In this study, we investigate a nonlinear mechanism driving the formation of scalarized rotating black holes within a scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity framework that includes an additional squared Gauss-Bonnet term. With the specific coupling function, Kerr metric is a solution to this modified gravity. In linear level Kerr black holes are stable against the scalar perturbation, while nonlinearly they suffer the so-called ``nonlinear scalarization" and are unstable. By employing a pseudo-spectral method, we derive the spectrum of nonlinearly scalarized rotating black hole solutions, revealing multiple scalarized branches. Our analysis demonstrates that both the black hole's spin and the additional squared Gauss-Bonnet term significantly influence the existence and properties of these solutions. Furthermore, we explore the thermodynamic properties of nonlinearly scalarized rotating black holes, and find that the scalarized black holes are entropically favored over Kerr black holes of the same mass and spin across a wide range of parameters.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_17892
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Non-linearly scalarized supermassive black holes
Liu, Shoupan
Liu, Yunqi
Peng, Yan
Zhang, Cheng-Yong
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
In this study, we investigate a nonlinear mechanism driving the formation of scalarized rotating black holes within a scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity framework that includes an additional squared Gauss-Bonnet term. With the specific coupling function, Kerr metric is a solution to this modified gravity. In linear level Kerr black holes are stable against the scalar perturbation, while nonlinearly they suffer the so-called ``nonlinear scalarization" and are unstable. By employing a pseudo-spectral method, we derive the spectrum of nonlinearly scalarized rotating black hole solutions, revealing multiple scalarized branches. Our analysis demonstrates that both the black hole's spin and the additional squared Gauss-Bonnet term significantly influence the existence and properties of these solutions. Furthermore, we explore the thermodynamic properties of nonlinearly scalarized rotating black holes, and find that the scalarized black holes are entropically favored over Kerr black holes of the same mass and spin across a wide range of parameters.
title Non-linearly scalarized supermassive black holes
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.17892