GAUSS: Benchmarking Structured Mathematical Skills for Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Yue, Zhang, Jiaxin, Ren, Qiuyu, Saffat, Tahsin, Liu, Xiaoxuan, Yang, Zitong, Zhu, Banghua, Ma, Yi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zhang, Yue
Zhang, Jiaxin
Ren, Qiuyu
Saffat, Tahsin
Liu, Xiaoxuan
Yang, Zitong
Zhu, Banghua
Ma, Yi
author_facet Zhang, Yue
Zhang, Jiaxin
Ren, Qiuyu
Saffat, Tahsin
Liu, Xiaoxuan
Yang, Zitong
Zhu, Banghua
Ma, Yi
contents We introduce \textbf{GAUSS} (\textbf{G}eneral \textbf{A}ssessment of \textbf{U}nderlying \textbf{S}tructured \textbf{S}kills in Mathematics), a benchmark that evaluates LLMs' mathematical abilities across twelve core skill dimensions, grouped into three domains: knowledge and understanding, problem solving and communication, and meta-skills and creativity. By categorizing problems according to cognitive skills and designing tasks that isolate specific abilities, GAUSS constructs comprehensive, fine-grained, and interpretable profiles of models' mathematical abilities. These profiles faithfully represent their underlying mathematical intelligence. To exemplify how to use the \textsc{GAUSS} benchmark, we have derived the skill profile of \textsc{GPT-5-thinking}, revealing its strengths and weaknesses as well as its differences relative to \textsc{o4-mini-high}, thereby underscoring the value of multidimensional, skill-based evaluation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_18122
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle GAUSS: Benchmarking Structured Mathematical Skills for Large Language Models
Zhang, Yue
Zhang, Jiaxin
Ren, Qiuyu
Saffat, Tahsin
Liu, Xiaoxuan
Yang, Zitong
Zhu, Banghua
Ma, Yi
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
We introduce \textbf{GAUSS} (\textbf{G}eneral \textbf{A}ssessment of \textbf{U}nderlying \textbf{S}tructured \textbf{S}kills in Mathematics), a benchmark that evaluates LLMs' mathematical abilities across twelve core skill dimensions, grouped into three domains: knowledge and understanding, problem solving and communication, and meta-skills and creativity. By categorizing problems according to cognitive skills and designing tasks that isolate specific abilities, GAUSS constructs comprehensive, fine-grained, and interpretable profiles of models' mathematical abilities. These profiles faithfully represent their underlying mathematical intelligence. To exemplify how to use the \textsc{GAUSS} benchmark, we have derived the skill profile of \textsc{GPT-5-thinking}, revealing its strengths and weaknesses as well as its differences relative to \textsc{o4-mini-high}, thereby underscoring the value of multidimensional, skill-based evaluation.
title GAUSS: Benchmarking Structured Mathematical Skills for Large Language Models
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18122