Convergence, Duality and Well-Posedness in Convex Bilevel Optimization

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Giang-Tran, Khanh-Hung, Ho-Nguyen, Nam, Kılınç-Karzan, Fatma, Shen, Lingqing
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Giang-Tran, Khanh-Hung
Ho-Nguyen, Nam
Kılınç-Karzan, Fatma
Shen, Lingqing
author_facet Giang-Tran, Khanh-Hung
Ho-Nguyen, Nam
Kılınç-Karzan, Fatma
Shen, Lingqing
contents We consider the convex bilevel optimization problem, also known as simple bilevel programming. There are two challenges in solving convex bilevel optimization problems. Firstly, strong duality is not guaranteed due to the lack of Slater constraint qualification. Secondly, we demonstrate through an example that convergence of algorithms is not guaranteed even when usual subotimality gap bounds are present, due to the possibility of encountering super-optimal solutions. We show that strong duality (but not necessarily dual solvability) is exactly equivalent to ensuring correct asymptotic convergence of both inner and outer function values, and provide a simple condition that guarantees strong duality. Unfortunately, we also show that this simple condition is not sufficient to guarantee convergence to the optimal solution set. We draw connections to Levitin-Polyak well-posedness, and leverage this together with our strong duality equivalence to provide another condition that ensures convergence to the optimal solution set. We also discuss how our conditions have been implicitly present in existing algorithmic work.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_18304
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Convergence, Duality and Well-Posedness in Convex Bilevel Optimization
Giang-Tran, Khanh-Hung
Ho-Nguyen, Nam
Kılınç-Karzan, Fatma
Shen, Lingqing
Optimization and Control
90C25, 90C30, 90C46
We consider the convex bilevel optimization problem, also known as simple bilevel programming. There are two challenges in solving convex bilevel optimization problems. Firstly, strong duality is not guaranteed due to the lack of Slater constraint qualification. Secondly, we demonstrate through an example that convergence of algorithms is not guaranteed even when usual subotimality gap bounds are present, due to the possibility of encountering super-optimal solutions. We show that strong duality (but not necessarily dual solvability) is exactly equivalent to ensuring correct asymptotic convergence of both inner and outer function values, and provide a simple condition that guarantees strong duality. Unfortunately, we also show that this simple condition is not sufficient to guarantee convergence to the optimal solution set. We draw connections to Levitin-Polyak well-posedness, and leverage this together with our strong duality equivalence to provide another condition that ensures convergence to the optimal solution set. We also discuss how our conditions have been implicitly present in existing algorithmic work.
title Convergence, Duality and Well-Posedness in Convex Bilevel Optimization
topic Optimization and Control
90C25, 90C30, 90C46
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18304