A Comprehensive Analysis of Three Microlensing Planet Candidates with the Planet/Binary Degeneracy
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arXiv
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2025
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| author | Zhang, Jiyuan Zang, Weicheng Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Sumi, Takahiro Udalski, Andrzej Mao, Shude Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Han, Cheongho Hwang, Kyu-Ha Jung, Youn Kil Shin, In-Gu Shvartzvald, Yossi Yee, Jennifer C. Yang, Hongjing Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Chung-Uk Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Pogge, Richard W. Tang, Yunyi de Almeida, Leandro Maoz, Dan Qian, Qiyue Zhu, Wei Abe, Fumio Bando, Ken Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Bond, Ian A. Fukui, Akihiko Hamada, Ryusei Hamada, Shunya Hamasaki, Naoto Hirao, Yuki Silva, Stela Ishitani Koshimoto, Naoki Matsubara, Yutaka Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nunota, Kansuke Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Suzuki, Daisuke Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radoslaw Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. |
| author_facet | Zhang, Jiyuan Zang, Weicheng Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Sumi, Takahiro Udalski, Andrzej Mao, Shude Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Han, Cheongho Hwang, Kyu-Ha Jung, Youn Kil Shin, In-Gu Shvartzvald, Yossi Yee, Jennifer C. Yang, Hongjing Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Chung-Uk Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Pogge, Richard W. Tang, Yunyi de Almeida, Leandro Maoz, Dan Qian, Qiyue Zhu, Wei Abe, Fumio Bando, Ken Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Bond, Ian A. Fukui, Akihiko Hamada, Ryusei Hamada, Shunya Hamasaki, Naoto Hirao, Yuki Silva, Stela Ishitani Koshimoto, Naoki Matsubara, Yutaka Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nunota, Kansuke Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Suzuki, Daisuke Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radoslaw Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. |
| contents | We present observations and analyses of three high-magnification microlensing events: KMT-2022-BLG-0954, KMT-2024-BLG-0697, and MOA-2024-BLG-018. All three exhibit the "Planet/Binary" degeneracy, with planetary solutions corresponding to mass ratios in the range $-3.7 < \log q < -2.2$, while the binary solutions yield $\log q > -2.0$. For KMT-2022-BLG-0954, we identify a previously unrecognized degeneracy among planetary solutions, involving different mass ratios and normalized source radii. In all three cases, single-lens binary-source models are excluded. Bayesian analyses suggest that the planetary solutions correspond to gas giants orbiting M/K dwarfs beyond the snow line, while KMT-2022-BLG-0954 also admits an alternative interpretation as a super-Earth orbiting a late-type M dwarf. The binary solutions imply a diverse set of systems, including M-dwarf pairs and M-dwarf--brown-dwarf binaries. A review of known events subject to the "Planet/Binary" degeneracy shows that in most cases the degeneracy cannot be resolved through follow-up high-resolution imaging, particularly in the presence of the newly identified degeneracy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_18345 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Comprehensive Analysis of Three Microlensing Planet Candidates with the Planet/Binary Degeneracy Zhang, Jiyuan Zang, Weicheng Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Sumi, Takahiro Udalski, Andrzej Mao, Shude Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Han, Cheongho Hwang, Kyu-Ha Jung, Youn Kil Shin, In-Gu Shvartzvald, Yossi Yee, Jennifer C. Yang, Hongjing Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Chung-Uk Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Pogge, Richard W. Tang, Yunyi de Almeida, Leandro Maoz, Dan Qian, Qiyue Zhu, Wei Abe, Fumio Bando, Ken Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Bond, Ian A. Fukui, Akihiko Hamada, Ryusei Hamada, Shunya Hamasaki, Naoto Hirao, Yuki Silva, Stela Ishitani Koshimoto, Naoki Matsubara, Yutaka Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nunota, Kansuke Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Suzuki, Daisuke Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radoslaw Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We present observations and analyses of three high-magnification microlensing events: KMT-2022-BLG-0954, KMT-2024-BLG-0697, and MOA-2024-BLG-018. All three exhibit the "Planet/Binary" degeneracy, with planetary solutions corresponding to mass ratios in the range $-3.7 < \log q < -2.2$, while the binary solutions yield $\log q > -2.0$. For KMT-2022-BLG-0954, we identify a previously unrecognized degeneracy among planetary solutions, involving different mass ratios and normalized source radii. In all three cases, single-lens binary-source models are excluded. Bayesian analyses suggest that the planetary solutions correspond to gas giants orbiting M/K dwarfs beyond the snow line, while KMT-2022-BLG-0954 also admits an alternative interpretation as a super-Earth orbiting a late-type M dwarf. The binary solutions imply a diverse set of systems, including M-dwarf pairs and M-dwarf--brown-dwarf binaries. A review of known events subject to the "Planet/Binary" degeneracy shows that in most cases the degeneracy cannot be resolved through follow-up high-resolution imaging, particularly in the presence of the newly identified degeneracy. |
| title | A Comprehensive Analysis of Three Microlensing Planet Candidates with the Planet/Binary Degeneracy |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18345 |