Examining I2P Resilience: Effect of Centrality-based Attack

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Main Authors: Akanbi, Kemi, Oluwadare, Sunkanmi, Kropczynski, Jess, Abdo, Jacques Bou
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Akanbi, Kemi
Oluwadare, Sunkanmi
Kropczynski, Jess
Abdo, Jacques Bou
author_facet Akanbi, Kemi
Oluwadare, Sunkanmi
Kropczynski, Jess
Abdo, Jacques Bou
contents This study examines the robustness of I2P, a well-regarded anonymous and decentralized peer-to-peer network designed to ensure anonymity, confidentiality, and circumvention of censorship. Unlike its more widely researched counterpart, TOR, I2P's resilience has received less scholarly attention. Employing network analysis, this research evaluates I2P's susceptibility to adversarial percolation. By utilizing the degree centrality as a measure of nodes' influence in the network, the finding suggests the network is vulnerable to targeted disruptions. Before percolation, the network exhibited a density of 0.01065443 and an average path length of 6.842194. At the end of the percolation process, the density decreased by approximately 10%, and the average path length increased by 33%, indicating a decline in efficiency and connectivity. These results highlight that even decentralized networks, such as I2P, exhibit structural fragility under targeted attacks, emphasizing the need for improved design strategies to enhance resilience against adversarial disruptions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_18572
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Examining I2P Resilience: Effect of Centrality-based Attack
Akanbi, Kemi
Oluwadare, Sunkanmi
Kropczynski, Jess
Abdo, Jacques Bou
Cryptography and Security
This study examines the robustness of I2P, a well-regarded anonymous and decentralized peer-to-peer network designed to ensure anonymity, confidentiality, and circumvention of censorship. Unlike its more widely researched counterpart, TOR, I2P's resilience has received less scholarly attention. Employing network analysis, this research evaluates I2P's susceptibility to adversarial percolation. By utilizing the degree centrality as a measure of nodes' influence in the network, the finding suggests the network is vulnerable to targeted disruptions. Before percolation, the network exhibited a density of 0.01065443 and an average path length of 6.842194. At the end of the percolation process, the density decreased by approximately 10%, and the average path length increased by 33%, indicating a decline in efficiency and connectivity. These results highlight that even decentralized networks, such as I2P, exhibit structural fragility under targeted attacks, emphasizing the need for improved design strategies to enhance resilience against adversarial disruptions.
title Examining I2P Resilience: Effect of Centrality-based Attack
topic Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18572