Simulating Online Social Media Conversations on Controversial Topics Using AI Agents Calibrated on Real-World Data

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Composta, Elisa, Fontana, Nicolo', Corso, Francesco, Pierri, Francesco
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Composta, Elisa
Fontana, Nicolo'
Corso, Francesco
Pierri, Francesco
author_facet Composta, Elisa
Fontana, Nicolo'
Corso, Francesco
Pierri, Francesco
contents Online social networks offer a valuable lens to analyze both individual and collective phenomena. Researchers often use simulators to explore controlled scenarios, and the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) makes these simulations more realistic by enabling agents to understand and generate natural language content. In this work, we investigate the behavior of LLM-based agents in a simulated microblogging social network. We initialize agents with realistic profiles calibrated on real-world online conversations from the 2022 Italian political election and extend an existing simulator by introducing mechanisms for opinion modeling. We examine how LLM agents simulate online conversations, interact with others, and evolve their opinions under different scenarios. Our results show that LLM agents generate coherent content, form connections, and build a realistic social network structure. However, their generated content displays less heterogeneity in tone and toxicity compared to real data. We also find that LLM-based opinion dynamics evolve over time in ways similar to traditional mathematical models. Varying parameter configurations produces no significant changes, indicating that simulations require more careful cognitive modeling at initialization to replicate human behavior more faithfully. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of LLMs for simulating user behavior in social environments, while also identifying key challenges in capturing heterogeneity and complex dynamics.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_18985
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Simulating Online Social Media Conversations on Controversial Topics Using AI Agents Calibrated on Real-World Data
Composta, Elisa
Fontana, Nicolo'
Corso, Francesco
Pierri, Francesco
Social and Information Networks
Online social networks offer a valuable lens to analyze both individual and collective phenomena. Researchers often use simulators to explore controlled scenarios, and the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) makes these simulations more realistic by enabling agents to understand and generate natural language content. In this work, we investigate the behavior of LLM-based agents in a simulated microblogging social network. We initialize agents with realistic profiles calibrated on real-world online conversations from the 2022 Italian political election and extend an existing simulator by introducing mechanisms for opinion modeling. We examine how LLM agents simulate online conversations, interact with others, and evolve their opinions under different scenarios. Our results show that LLM agents generate coherent content, form connections, and build a realistic social network structure. However, their generated content displays less heterogeneity in tone and toxicity compared to real data. We also find that LLM-based opinion dynamics evolve over time in ways similar to traditional mathematical models. Varying parameter configurations produces no significant changes, indicating that simulations require more careful cognitive modeling at initialization to replicate human behavior more faithfully. Overall, we demonstrate the potential of LLMs for simulating user behavior in social environments, while also identifying key challenges in capturing heterogeneity and complex dynamics.
title Simulating Online Social Media Conversations on Controversial Topics Using AI Agents Calibrated on Real-World Data
topic Social and Information Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.18985