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Main Authors: Breum, Marie S., Rytgaard, Helene C. W., Martinussen, Torben, Gabriel, Erin E.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19040
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author Breum, Marie S.
Rytgaard, Helene C. W.
Martinussen, Torben
Gabriel, Erin E.
author_facet Breum, Marie S.
Rytgaard, Helene C. W.
Martinussen, Torben
Gabriel, Erin E.
contents The front-door criterion is an identification strategy for the intervention-specific mean outcome in settings where the standard back-door criterion fails due to unmeasured exposure-outcome confounders, but an intermediate variable exists that completely mediates the effect of exposure on the outcome and is not affected by unmeasured confounding. The front-door criterion has been extended to the longitudinal setting, where exposure and mediator vary over time. However, with the exception of a simple plug-in estimator, no suitable estimation techniques have been proposed. In this work, we derive nonparametric efficient estimators of the longitudinal front-door functional. The estimators accommodate high-dimensional mediators, are multiply robust, and allow for the use of data-adaptive methods for estimating nuisance functions while still providing valid inference. The theoretical properties of the estimators are illustrated in a simulation study, and we apply the estimators to a trial of peanut allergy in infants.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_19040
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Nonparametric efficient estimation of the longitudinal front-door functional
Breum, Marie S.
Rytgaard, Helene C. W.
Martinussen, Torben
Gabriel, Erin E.
Methodology
The front-door criterion is an identification strategy for the intervention-specific mean outcome in settings where the standard back-door criterion fails due to unmeasured exposure-outcome confounders, but an intermediate variable exists that completely mediates the effect of exposure on the outcome and is not affected by unmeasured confounding. The front-door criterion has been extended to the longitudinal setting, where exposure and mediator vary over time. However, with the exception of a simple plug-in estimator, no suitable estimation techniques have been proposed. In this work, we derive nonparametric efficient estimators of the longitudinal front-door functional. The estimators accommodate high-dimensional mediators, are multiply robust, and allow for the use of data-adaptive methods for estimating nuisance functions while still providing valid inference. The theoretical properties of the estimators are illustrated in a simulation study, and we apply the estimators to a trial of peanut allergy in infants.
title Nonparametric efficient estimation of the longitudinal front-door functional
topic Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19040