Graph-based Neural Space Weather Forecasting

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Holmberg, Daniel, Zaitsev, Ivan, Alho, Markku, Bouri, Ioanna, Franssila, Fanni, Jeong, Haewon, Palmroth, Minna, Roos, Teemu
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Holmberg, Daniel
Zaitsev, Ivan
Alho, Markku
Bouri, Ioanna
Franssila, Fanni
Jeong, Haewon
Palmroth, Minna
Roos, Teemu
author_facet Holmberg, Daniel
Zaitsev, Ivan
Alho, Markku
Bouri, Ioanna
Franssila, Fanni
Jeong, Haewon
Palmroth, Minna
Roos, Teemu
contents Accurate space weather forecasting is crucial for protecting our increasingly digital infrastructure. Hybrid-Vlasov models, like Vlasiator, offer physical realism beyond that of current operational systems, but are too computationally expensive for real-time use. We introduce a graph-based neural emulator trained on Vlasiator data to autoregressively predict near-Earth space conditions driven by an upstream solar wind. We show how to achieve both fast deterministic forecasts and, by using a generative model, produce ensembles to capture forecast uncertainty. This work demonstrates that machine learning offers a way to add uncertainty quantification capability to existing space weather prediction systems, and make hybrid-Vlasov simulation tractable for operational use.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_19605
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Graph-based Neural Space Weather Forecasting
Holmberg, Daniel
Zaitsev, Ivan
Alho, Markku
Bouri, Ioanna
Franssila, Fanni
Jeong, Haewon
Palmroth, Minna
Roos, Teemu
Space Physics
Machine Learning
Plasma Physics
Accurate space weather forecasting is crucial for protecting our increasingly digital infrastructure. Hybrid-Vlasov models, like Vlasiator, offer physical realism beyond that of current operational systems, but are too computationally expensive for real-time use. We introduce a graph-based neural emulator trained on Vlasiator data to autoregressively predict near-Earth space conditions driven by an upstream solar wind. We show how to achieve both fast deterministic forecasts and, by using a generative model, produce ensembles to capture forecast uncertainty. This work demonstrates that machine learning offers a way to add uncertainty quantification capability to existing space weather prediction systems, and make hybrid-Vlasov simulation tractable for operational use.
title Graph-based Neural Space Weather Forecasting
topic Space Physics
Machine Learning
Plasma Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19605