Winding Motion of Spirals in a Gravitationally Unstable Protoplanetary Disk
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Yoshida, Tomohiro C. Nomura, Hideko Doi, Kiyoaki Barraza-Alfaro, Marcelo Teague, Richard Furuya, Kenji Yamato, Yoshihide Tsukagoshi, Takashi |
| author_facet | Yoshida, Tomohiro C. Nomura, Hideko Doi, Kiyoaki Barraza-Alfaro, Marcelo Teague, Richard Furuya, Kenji Yamato, Yoshihide Tsukagoshi, Takashi |
| contents | The discovery of wide-orbit giant exoplanets has posed a challenge to our conventional understanding of planet formation by coagulation of dust grains and planetesimals, and subsequent accretion of protoplanetary disk gas. As an alternative mechanism, the direct in-situ formation of planets or planetary cores by gravitational instability (GI) in protoplanetary disks has been proposed. However, observational evidence for GI in regions where wide-orbit planets are formed is still lacking. Theoretical studies predict that GI induces spiral arms moving at the local Keplerian speed in a disk. Here, with multiple high angular resolution observations over a seven-year time baseline using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we report the evidence for spiral arms following the Keplerian rotation in the dust continuum disk around the young star IM Lup. This demonstrates that GI can operate in wide-orbit planet-formation regions, establishing it as a plausible formation mechanism for such planets. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_19761 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Winding Motion of Spirals in a Gravitationally Unstable Protoplanetary Disk Yoshida, Tomohiro C. Nomura, Hideko Doi, Kiyoaki Barraza-Alfaro, Marcelo Teague, Richard Furuya, Kenji Yamato, Yoshihide Tsukagoshi, Takashi Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies The discovery of wide-orbit giant exoplanets has posed a challenge to our conventional understanding of planet formation by coagulation of dust grains and planetesimals, and subsequent accretion of protoplanetary disk gas. As an alternative mechanism, the direct in-situ formation of planets or planetary cores by gravitational instability (GI) in protoplanetary disks has been proposed. However, observational evidence for GI in regions where wide-orbit planets are formed is still lacking. Theoretical studies predict that GI induces spiral arms moving at the local Keplerian speed in a disk. Here, with multiple high angular resolution observations over a seven-year time baseline using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we report the evidence for spiral arms following the Keplerian rotation in the dust continuum disk around the young star IM Lup. This demonstrates that GI can operate in wide-orbit planet-formation regions, establishing it as a plausible formation mechanism for such planets. |
| title | Winding Motion of Spirals in a Gravitationally Unstable Protoplanetary Disk |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19761 |