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Hauptverfasser: Stanusch, Natalia, Cetin, Raziye Buse, Romano, Salvatore, Schueler, Miazia, Baumgartner, Meret, August, Bastian, Rosca, Alexandra
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19890
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author Stanusch, Natalia
Cetin, Raziye Buse
Romano, Salvatore
Schueler, Miazia
Baumgartner, Meret
August, Bastian
Rosca, Alexandra
author_facet Stanusch, Natalia
Cetin, Raziye Buse
Romano, Salvatore
Schueler, Miazia
Baumgartner, Meret
August, Bastian
Rosca, Alexandra
contents The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into chatbot-like search engines poses new challenges for governing, assessing, and scrutinizing the content output by these online entities, especially in light of the Digital Service Act (DSA). In what follows, we first survey the regulation landscape in which we can situate LLM-based chatbots and the notion of moderation. Second, we outline the methodological approaches to our study: a mixed-methods audit across chatbots, languages, and elections. We investigated Copilot, ChatGPT, and Gemini across ten languages in the context of the 2024 European Parliamentary Election and the 2024 US Presidential Election. Despite the uncertainty in regulatory frameworks, we propose a set of solutions on how to situate, study, and evaluate chatbot moderation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_19890
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle DSA, AIA, and LLMs: Approaches to conceptualizing and auditing moderation in LLM-based chatbots across languages and interfaces in the electoral contexts
Stanusch, Natalia
Cetin, Raziye Buse
Romano, Salvatore
Schueler, Miazia
Baumgartner, Meret
August, Bastian
Rosca, Alexandra
Computers and Society
The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into chatbot-like search engines poses new challenges for governing, assessing, and scrutinizing the content output by these online entities, especially in light of the Digital Service Act (DSA). In what follows, we first survey the regulation landscape in which we can situate LLM-based chatbots and the notion of moderation. Second, we outline the methodological approaches to our study: a mixed-methods audit across chatbots, languages, and elections. We investigated Copilot, ChatGPT, and Gemini across ten languages in the context of the 2024 European Parliamentary Election and the 2024 US Presidential Election. Despite the uncertainty in regulatory frameworks, we propose a set of solutions on how to situate, study, and evaluate chatbot moderation.
title DSA, AIA, and LLMs: Approaches to conceptualizing and auditing moderation in LLM-based chatbots across languages and interfaces in the electoral contexts
topic Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.19890