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Main Authors: Mao, Shunyuan, Wang, Weiqi, Wang, Sifan, Dong, Ruobing, Lu, Lu, Yi, Kwang Moo, Perdikaris, Paris, Isella, Andrea, Fabbro, Sébastien, Wang, Lile
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20447
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author Mao, Shunyuan
Wang, Weiqi
Wang, Sifan
Dong, Ruobing
Lu, Lu
Yi, Kwang Moo
Perdikaris, Paris
Isella, Andrea
Fabbro, Sébastien
Wang, Lile
author_facet Mao, Shunyuan
Wang, Weiqi
Wang, Sifan
Dong, Ruobing
Lu, Lu
Yi, Kwang Moo
Perdikaris, Paris
Isella, Andrea
Fabbro, Sébastien
Wang, Lile
contents Accretion disks are ubiquitous in astrophysics, appearing in diverse environments from planet-forming systems to X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei. Traditionally, modeling their dynamics requires computationally intensive (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations. Recently, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising alternative. This approach trains neural networks directly on physical laws without requiring data. We for the first time demonstrate PINNs for solving the two-dimensional, time-dependent hydrodynamics of non-self-gravitating accretion disks. Our models provide solutions at arbitrary times and locations within the training domain, and successfully reproduce key physical phenomena, including the excitation and propagation of spiral density waves and gap formation from disk-companion interactions. Notably, the boundary-free approach enabled by PINNs naturally eliminates the spurious wave reflections at disk edges, which are challenging to suppress in numerical simulations. These results highlight how advanced machine learning techniques can enable physics-driven, data-free modeling of complex astrophysical systems, potentially offering an alternative to traditional numerical simulations in the future.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_20447
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Neural Networks as Surrogate Solvers for Time-Dependent Accretion Disk Dynamics
Mao, Shunyuan
Wang, Weiqi
Wang, Sifan
Dong, Ruobing
Lu, Lu
Yi, Kwang Moo
Perdikaris, Paris
Isella, Andrea
Fabbro, Sébastien
Wang, Lile
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Machine Learning
Accretion disks are ubiquitous in astrophysics, appearing in diverse environments from planet-forming systems to X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei. Traditionally, modeling their dynamics requires computationally intensive (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations. Recently, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising alternative. This approach trains neural networks directly on physical laws without requiring data. We for the first time demonstrate PINNs for solving the two-dimensional, time-dependent hydrodynamics of non-self-gravitating accretion disks. Our models provide solutions at arbitrary times and locations within the training domain, and successfully reproduce key physical phenomena, including the excitation and propagation of spiral density waves and gap formation from disk-companion interactions. Notably, the boundary-free approach enabled by PINNs naturally eliminates the spurious wave reflections at disk edges, which are challenging to suppress in numerical simulations. These results highlight how advanced machine learning techniques can enable physics-driven, data-free modeling of complex astrophysical systems, potentially offering an alternative to traditional numerical simulations in the future.
title Neural Networks as Surrogate Solvers for Time-Dependent Accretion Disk Dynamics
topic Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20447