Latent Twins

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chung, Matthias, Verma, Deepanshu, Collins, Max, Subrahmanya, Amit N., Sastry, Varuni Katti, Rao, Vishwas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chung, Matthias
Verma, Deepanshu
Collins, Max
Subrahmanya, Amit N.
Sastry, Varuni Katti
Rao, Vishwas
author_facet Chung, Matthias
Verma, Deepanshu
Collins, Max
Subrahmanya, Amit N.
Sastry, Varuni Katti
Rao, Vishwas
contents Over the past decade, scientific machine learning has transformed the development of mathematical and computational frameworks for analyzing, modeling, and predicting complex systems. From inverse problems to numerical PDEs, dynamical systems, and model reduction, these advances have pushed the boundaries of what can be simulated. Yet they have often progressed in parallel, with representation learning and algorithmic solution methods evolving largely as separate pipelines. With \emph{Latent Twins}, we propose a unifying mathematical framework that creates a hidden surrogate in latent space for the underlying equations. Whereas digital twins mirror physical systems in the digital world, Latent Twins mirror mathematical systems in a learned latent space governed by operators. Through this lens, classical modeling, inversion, model reduction, and operator approximation all emerge as special cases of a single principle. We establish the fundamental approximation properties of Latent Twins for both ODEs and PDEs and demonstrate the framework across three representative settings: (i) canonical ODEs, capturing diverse dynamical regimes; (ii) a PDE benchmark using the shallow-water equations, contrasting Latent Twin simulations with DeepONet and forecasts with a 4D-Var baseline; and (iii) a challenging real-data geopotential reanalysis dataset, reconstructing and forecasting from sparse, noisy observations. Latent Twins provide a compact, interpretable surrogate for solution operators that evaluate across arbitrary time gaps in a single-shot, while remaining compatible with scientific pipelines such as assimilation, control, and uncertainty quantification. Looking forward, this framework offers scalable, theory-grounded surrogates that bridge data-driven representation learning and classical scientific modeling across disciplines.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_20615
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Latent Twins
Chung, Matthias
Verma, Deepanshu
Collins, Max
Subrahmanya, Amit N.
Sastry, Varuni Katti
Rao, Vishwas
Machine Learning
Numerical Analysis
68T07, 65M32, 65P10, 65M22, 35Q93
I.2.6; G.1.7; G.1.8
Over the past decade, scientific machine learning has transformed the development of mathematical and computational frameworks for analyzing, modeling, and predicting complex systems. From inverse problems to numerical PDEs, dynamical systems, and model reduction, these advances have pushed the boundaries of what can be simulated. Yet they have often progressed in parallel, with representation learning and algorithmic solution methods evolving largely as separate pipelines. With \emph{Latent Twins}, we propose a unifying mathematical framework that creates a hidden surrogate in latent space for the underlying equations. Whereas digital twins mirror physical systems in the digital world, Latent Twins mirror mathematical systems in a learned latent space governed by operators. Through this lens, classical modeling, inversion, model reduction, and operator approximation all emerge as special cases of a single principle. We establish the fundamental approximation properties of Latent Twins for both ODEs and PDEs and demonstrate the framework across three representative settings: (i) canonical ODEs, capturing diverse dynamical regimes; (ii) a PDE benchmark using the shallow-water equations, contrasting Latent Twin simulations with DeepONet and forecasts with a 4D-Var baseline; and (iii) a challenging real-data geopotential reanalysis dataset, reconstructing and forecasting from sparse, noisy observations. Latent Twins provide a compact, interpretable surrogate for solution operators that evaluate across arbitrary time gaps in a single-shot, while remaining compatible with scientific pipelines such as assimilation, control, and uncertainty quantification. Looking forward, this framework offers scalable, theory-grounded surrogates that bridge data-driven representation learning and classical scientific modeling across disciplines.
title Latent Twins
topic Machine Learning
Numerical Analysis
68T07, 65M32, 65P10, 65M22, 35Q93
I.2.6; G.1.7; G.1.8
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20615