Smoothing Binary Optimization: A Primal-Dual Perspective

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Wenbo, Wang, Akang, Ma, Dun, Jiang, Hongyi, Wu, Jianghua, Yang, Wenguo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Liu, Wenbo
Wang, Akang
Ma, Dun
Jiang, Hongyi
Wu, Jianghua
Yang, Wenguo
author_facet Liu, Wenbo
Wang, Akang
Ma, Dun
Jiang, Hongyi
Wu, Jianghua
Yang, Wenguo
contents Binary optimization is a powerful tool for modeling combinatorial problems, yet scalable and theoretically sound solution methods remain elusive. Conventional solvers often rely on heuristic strategies with weak guarantees or struggle with large-scale instances. In this work, we introduce a novel primal-dual framework that reformulates unconstrained binary optimization as a continuous minimax problem, satisfying a strong max-min property. This reformulation effectively smooths the discrete problem, enabling the application of efficient gradient-based methods. We propose a simultaneous gradient descent-ascent algorithm that is highly parallelizable on GPUs and provably converges to a near-optimal solution in linear time. Extensive experiments on large-scale problems--including Max-Cut, MaxSAT, and Maximum Independent Set with up to 50,000 variables--demonstrate that our method identifies high-quality solutions within seconds, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art alternatives.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_21064
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Smoothing Binary Optimization: A Primal-Dual Perspective
Liu, Wenbo
Wang, Akang
Ma, Dun
Jiang, Hongyi
Wu, Jianghua
Yang, Wenguo
Optimization and Control
Binary optimization is a powerful tool for modeling combinatorial problems, yet scalable and theoretically sound solution methods remain elusive. Conventional solvers often rely on heuristic strategies with weak guarantees or struggle with large-scale instances. In this work, we introduce a novel primal-dual framework that reformulates unconstrained binary optimization as a continuous minimax problem, satisfying a strong max-min property. This reformulation effectively smooths the discrete problem, enabling the application of efficient gradient-based methods. We propose a simultaneous gradient descent-ascent algorithm that is highly parallelizable on GPUs and provably converges to a near-optimal solution in linear time. Extensive experiments on large-scale problems--including Max-Cut, MaxSAT, and Maximum Independent Set with up to 50,000 variables--demonstrate that our method identifies high-quality solutions within seconds, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art alternatives.
title Smoothing Binary Optimization: A Primal-Dual Perspective
topic Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21064