BESPOKE: Benchmark for Search-Augmented Large Language Model Personalization via Diagnostic Feedback

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Hauptverfasser: Kim, Hyunseo, Lee, Sangam, Seo, Kwangwook, Lee, Dongha
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Kim, Hyunseo
Lee, Sangam
Seo, Kwangwook
Lee, Dongha
author_facet Kim, Hyunseo
Lee, Sangam
Seo, Kwangwook
Lee, Dongha
contents Search-augmented large language models (LLMs) have advanced information-seeking tasks by integrating retrieval into generation, reducing users' cognitive burden compared to traditional search systems. Yet they remain insufficient for fully addressing diverse user needs, which requires recognizing how the same query can reflect different intents across users and delivering information in preferred forms. While recent systems such as ChatGPT and Gemini attempt personalization by leveraging user histories, systematic evaluation of such personalization is under-explored. To address this gap, we propose BESPOKE, the realistic benchmark for evaluating personalization in search-augmented LLMs. BESPOKE is designed to be both realistic, by collecting authentic chat and search histories directly from humans, and diagnostic, by pairing responses with fine-grained preference scores and feedback. The benchmark is constructed through long-term, deeply engaged human annotation, where human annotators contributed their own histories, authored queries with detailed information needs, and evaluated responses with scores and diagnostic feedback. Leveraging BESPOKE, we conduct systematic analyses that reveal key requirements for effective personalization in information-seeking tasks, providing a foundation for fine-grained evaluation of personalized search-augmented LLMs. Our code and data are available at https://augustinlib.github.io/BESPOKE/.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_21106
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle BESPOKE: Benchmark for Search-Augmented Large Language Model Personalization via Diagnostic Feedback
Kim, Hyunseo
Lee, Sangam
Seo, Kwangwook
Lee, Dongha
Computation and Language
Information Retrieval
Search-augmented large language models (LLMs) have advanced information-seeking tasks by integrating retrieval into generation, reducing users' cognitive burden compared to traditional search systems. Yet they remain insufficient for fully addressing diverse user needs, which requires recognizing how the same query can reflect different intents across users and delivering information in preferred forms. While recent systems such as ChatGPT and Gemini attempt personalization by leveraging user histories, systematic evaluation of such personalization is under-explored. To address this gap, we propose BESPOKE, the realistic benchmark for evaluating personalization in search-augmented LLMs. BESPOKE is designed to be both realistic, by collecting authentic chat and search histories directly from humans, and diagnostic, by pairing responses with fine-grained preference scores and feedback. The benchmark is constructed through long-term, deeply engaged human annotation, where human annotators contributed their own histories, authored queries with detailed information needs, and evaluated responses with scores and diagnostic feedback. Leveraging BESPOKE, we conduct systematic analyses that reveal key requirements for effective personalization in information-seeking tasks, providing a foundation for fine-grained evaluation of personalized search-augmented LLMs. Our code and data are available at https://augustinlib.github.io/BESPOKE/.
title BESPOKE: Benchmark for Search-Augmented Large Language Model Personalization via Diagnostic Feedback
topic Computation and Language
Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21106