Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Large-scale Current Sheet under an Erupting Magnetic Flux Rope

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wu, Hao, Guo, Yang, Keppens, Rony, Xia, Chun, Su, Yang, Kong, Xiangliang, Ding, Mingde
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Wu, Hao
Guo, Yang
Keppens, Rony
Xia, Chun
Su, Yang
Kong, Xiangliang
Ding, Mingde
author_facet Wu, Hao
Guo, Yang
Keppens, Rony
Xia, Chun
Su, Yang
Kong, Xiangliang
Ding, Mingde
contents We investigate the acceleration and transport of electrons in the highly fine-structured current sheet that develops during magnetic flux rope (MFR) eruptions. Our work combines ultra-resolved MHD simulations of MFR eruption, with test-particle studies performed using the guiding center approximation. Our grid-adaptive, fully three-dimensional, high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulations model MFR eruptions that form complex current sheet topologies, serving as background electromagnetic fields for particle acceleration. Within the current sheet, tearing-mode instabilities give rise to mini flux ropes. Electrons become temporarily trapped within these elongated structures, undergoing acceleration and transport processes that significantly differ from those observed in two-dimensional or two-and-a-half-dimensional simulations. Our findings reveal that these fine-scale structures act as efficient particle accelerators, surpassing the acceleration efficiency of single X-line reconnection events, and are capable of energizing electrons to energies exceeding 100 keV. High-energy electrons accelerated in different mini flux ropes follow distinct trajectories due to spatially varying magnetic field connectivity, ultimately precipitating onto opposite sides of flare ribbons. Remarkably, double electron sources at the flare ribbons originate from different small flux rope acceleration regions, rather than from the same reconnecting field line as previously suggested. Distinct small flux ropes possess opposite magnetic helicity to accelerate electrons to source regions with different magnetic polarities, establishing a novel conjugate double source configuration. Furthermore, electrons escaping from the lower regions exhibit a broken power-law energy spectrum.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_22265
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Large-scale Current Sheet under an Erupting Magnetic Flux Rope
Wu, Hao
Guo, Yang
Keppens, Rony
Xia, Chun
Su, Yang
Kong, Xiangliang
Ding, Mingde
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
We investigate the acceleration and transport of electrons in the highly fine-structured current sheet that develops during magnetic flux rope (MFR) eruptions. Our work combines ultra-resolved MHD simulations of MFR eruption, with test-particle studies performed using the guiding center approximation. Our grid-adaptive, fully three-dimensional, high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulations model MFR eruptions that form complex current sheet topologies, serving as background electromagnetic fields for particle acceleration. Within the current sheet, tearing-mode instabilities give rise to mini flux ropes. Electrons become temporarily trapped within these elongated structures, undergoing acceleration and transport processes that significantly differ from those observed in two-dimensional or two-and-a-half-dimensional simulations. Our findings reveal that these fine-scale structures act as efficient particle accelerators, surpassing the acceleration efficiency of single X-line reconnection events, and are capable of energizing electrons to energies exceeding 100 keV. High-energy electrons accelerated in different mini flux ropes follow distinct trajectories due to spatially varying magnetic field connectivity, ultimately precipitating onto opposite sides of flare ribbons. Remarkably, double electron sources at the flare ribbons originate from different small flux rope acceleration regions, rather than from the same reconnecting field line as previously suggested. Distinct small flux ropes possess opposite magnetic helicity to accelerate electrons to source regions with different magnetic polarities, establishing a novel conjugate double source configuration. Furthermore, electrons escaping from the lower regions exhibit a broken power-law energy spectrum.
title Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Large-scale Current Sheet under an Erupting Magnetic Flux Rope
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22265