EFT of Non-Markovian $U(1)_X$ Breaking: Dark Matter and Gravitational Waves
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866918148859494400 |
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| author | Chaudhuri, Arnab |
| author_facet | Chaudhuri, Arnab |
| contents | We develop an effective field theory (EFT) framework for $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry breaking in which the dynamics of the order parameter acquire non-local-in-time (``memory'') corrections from a heavy dark sector. Integrating out metastable or slowly equilibrating fields generates temporal kernels in the EFT, yielding a history-dependent effective potential for the $U(1)_X$ scalar. These non-Markovian terms qualitatively alter first-order phase transition dynamics by modifying bubble nucleation, latent heat release, and wall propagation. The resulting stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum exhibits distinctive features such as broadened peaks, asymmetric slopes, and possible secondary ``echoes'' that are absent in conventional Markovian treatments. When the memory-generating sector also participates in dark matter production, the same kernel parameters correlate gravitational-wave signatures with the relic abundance. This work establishes the EFT formalism for non-equilibrium symmetry breaking and highlights testable predictions for upcoming GW observatories and DM searches. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_22293 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | EFT of Non-Markovian $U(1)_X$ Breaking: Dark Matter and Gravitational Waves Chaudhuri, Arnab High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We develop an effective field theory (EFT) framework for $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetry breaking in which the dynamics of the order parameter acquire non-local-in-time (``memory'') corrections from a heavy dark sector. Integrating out metastable or slowly equilibrating fields generates temporal kernels in the EFT, yielding a history-dependent effective potential for the $U(1)_X$ scalar. These non-Markovian terms qualitatively alter first-order phase transition dynamics by modifying bubble nucleation, latent heat release, and wall propagation. The resulting stochastic gravitational-wave spectrum exhibits distinctive features such as broadened peaks, asymmetric slopes, and possible secondary ``echoes'' that are absent in conventional Markovian treatments. When the memory-generating sector also participates in dark matter production, the same kernel parameters correlate gravitational-wave signatures with the relic abundance. This work establishes the EFT formalism for non-equilibrium symmetry breaking and highlights testable predictions for upcoming GW observatories and DM searches. |
| title | EFT of Non-Markovian $U(1)_X$ Breaking: Dark Matter and Gravitational Waves |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22293 |