ECHO: Toward Contextual Seq2Seq Paradigms in Large EEG Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Chenyu, Deng, Yuqiu, Liu, Tianyu, Zhou, Jinan, Zhou, Xinliang, Jia, Ziyu, Ding, Yi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Liu, Chenyu
Deng, Yuqiu
Liu, Tianyu
Zhou, Jinan
Zhou, Xinliang
Jia, Ziyu
Ding, Yi
author_facet Liu, Chenyu
Deng, Yuqiu
Liu, Tianyu
Zhou, Jinan
Zhou, Xinliang
Jia, Ziyu
Ding, Yi
contents Electroencephalography (EEG), with its broad range of applications, necessitates models that can generalize effectively across various tasks and datasets. Large EEG Models (LEMs) address this by pretraining encoder-centric architectures on large-scale unlabeled data to extract universal representations. While effective, these models lack decoders of comparable capacity, limiting the full utilization of the learned features. To address this issue, we introduce ECHO, a novel decoder-centric LEM paradigm that reformulates EEG modeling as sequence-to-sequence learning. ECHO captures layered relationships among signals, labels, and tasks within sequence space, while incorporating discrete support samples to construct contextual cues. This design equips ECHO with in-context learning, enabling dynamic adaptation to heterogeneous tasks without parameter updates. Extensive experiments across multiple datasets demonstrate that, even with basic model components, ECHO consistently outperforms state-of-the-art single-task LEMs in multi-task settings, showing superior generalization and adaptability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_22556
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ECHO: Toward Contextual Seq2Seq Paradigms in Large EEG Models
Liu, Chenyu
Deng, Yuqiu
Liu, Tianyu
Zhou, Jinan
Zhou, Xinliang
Jia, Ziyu
Ding, Yi
Machine Learning
Signal Processing
Electroencephalography (EEG), with its broad range of applications, necessitates models that can generalize effectively across various tasks and datasets. Large EEG Models (LEMs) address this by pretraining encoder-centric architectures on large-scale unlabeled data to extract universal representations. While effective, these models lack decoders of comparable capacity, limiting the full utilization of the learned features. To address this issue, we introduce ECHO, a novel decoder-centric LEM paradigm that reformulates EEG modeling as sequence-to-sequence learning. ECHO captures layered relationships among signals, labels, and tasks within sequence space, while incorporating discrete support samples to construct contextual cues. This design equips ECHO with in-context learning, enabling dynamic adaptation to heterogeneous tasks without parameter updates. Extensive experiments across multiple datasets demonstrate that, even with basic model components, ECHO consistently outperforms state-of-the-art single-task LEMs in multi-task settings, showing superior generalization and adaptability.
title ECHO: Toward Contextual Seq2Seq Paradigms in Large EEG Models
topic Machine Learning
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22556