_version_ 1866915601311596544
author Carney, Jonathan
Andreoni, Igor
O'Connor, Brendan
Freeburn, James
Skobe, Hannah
Westcott, Lewi
Busmann, Malte
Palmese, Antonella
Hall, Xander J.
Gill, Ramandeep
Beniamini, Paz
Coughlin, Eric R.
Kilpatrick, Charles D.
Anumarlapudi, Akash
Law, Nicholas M.
Corbett, Hank
Ahumada, Tomas
Chen, Ping
Conselice, Christopher
Damke, Guillermo
Das, Kaustav K.
Gal-Yam, Avishay
Gruen, Daniel
Heathcote, Steve
Hu, Lei
Karambelkar, Viraj
Kasliwal, Mansi
Labrie, Kathleen
Pasham, Dheeraj
Riffeser, Arno
Schmidt, Michael
Sharma, Kritti
Wilke, Silona
Zang, Weicheng
author_facet Carney, Jonathan
Andreoni, Igor
O'Connor, Brendan
Freeburn, James
Skobe, Hannah
Westcott, Lewi
Busmann, Malte
Palmese, Antonella
Hall, Xander J.
Gill, Ramandeep
Beniamini, Paz
Coughlin, Eric R.
Kilpatrick, Charles D.
Anumarlapudi, Akash
Law, Nicholas M.
Corbett, Hank
Ahumada, Tomas
Chen, Ping
Conselice, Christopher
Damke, Guillermo
Das, Kaustav K.
Gal-Yam, Avishay
Gruen, Daniel
Heathcote, Steve
Hu, Lei
Karambelkar, Viraj
Kasliwal, Mansi
Labrie, Kathleen
Pasham, Dheeraj
Riffeser, Arno
Schmidt, Michael
Sharma, Kritti
Wilke, Silona
Zang, Weicheng
contents GRB 250702B was the longest gamma-ray burst ever detected, with a duration that challenges standard collapsar models and suggests an exotic progenitor. We collected a rich set of optical and infrared follow-up observations of its rapidly fading afterglow using a suite of telescopes including the W. M. Keck Observatory, the Gemini telescopes, the Magellan Baade Telescope, the Victor M. Blanco 4-meter telescope, and the Fraunhofer Telescope at Wendelstein Observatory. Our analysis reveals that the afterglow emission is well described by forward shock emission from a highly obscured relativistic jet. Deep photometric observations of the host galaxy reveal a massive (10^10.66 solar masses), dusty, and extremely asymmetric system that is consistent with two galaxies undergoing a major merger. The galactocentric offset, host galaxy properties, and jet characteristics disfavor a jetted TDE around a supermassive black hole but do not definitively distinguish between competing progenitor scenarios. We find that the afterglow and host are consistent with a range of progenitors including an atypical collapsar, a merger between a helium star and a stellar mass black hole, the disruption of a star by a stellar mass compact object (micro-TDE), and the tidal disruption of a star by an off-nuclear intermediate mass black hole.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_22784
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Optical/infrared observations of the extraordinary GRB 250702B: a highly obscured afterglow in a massive galaxy consistent with multiple possible progenitors
Carney, Jonathan
Andreoni, Igor
O'Connor, Brendan
Freeburn, James
Skobe, Hannah
Westcott, Lewi
Busmann, Malte
Palmese, Antonella
Hall, Xander J.
Gill, Ramandeep
Beniamini, Paz
Coughlin, Eric R.
Kilpatrick, Charles D.
Anumarlapudi, Akash
Law, Nicholas M.
Corbett, Hank
Ahumada, Tomas
Chen, Ping
Conselice, Christopher
Damke, Guillermo
Das, Kaustav K.
Gal-Yam, Avishay
Gruen, Daniel
Heathcote, Steve
Hu, Lei
Karambelkar, Viraj
Kasliwal, Mansi
Labrie, Kathleen
Pasham, Dheeraj
Riffeser, Arno
Schmidt, Michael
Sharma, Kritti
Wilke, Silona
Zang, Weicheng
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
GRB 250702B was the longest gamma-ray burst ever detected, with a duration that challenges standard collapsar models and suggests an exotic progenitor. We collected a rich set of optical and infrared follow-up observations of its rapidly fading afterglow using a suite of telescopes including the W. M. Keck Observatory, the Gemini telescopes, the Magellan Baade Telescope, the Victor M. Blanco 4-meter telescope, and the Fraunhofer Telescope at Wendelstein Observatory. Our analysis reveals that the afterglow emission is well described by forward shock emission from a highly obscured relativistic jet. Deep photometric observations of the host galaxy reveal a massive (10^10.66 solar masses), dusty, and extremely asymmetric system that is consistent with two galaxies undergoing a major merger. The galactocentric offset, host galaxy properties, and jet characteristics disfavor a jetted TDE around a supermassive black hole but do not definitively distinguish between competing progenitor scenarios. We find that the afterglow and host are consistent with a range of progenitors including an atypical collapsar, a merger between a helium star and a stellar mass black hole, the disruption of a star by a stellar mass compact object (micro-TDE), and the tidal disruption of a star by an off-nuclear intermediate mass black hole.
title Optical/infrared observations of the extraordinary GRB 250702B: a highly obscured afterglow in a massive galaxy consistent with multiple possible progenitors
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22784