GRB 250702B: Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst from a Black Hole Falling into a Star

Fuente: arXiv

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Hauptverfasser:	Neights, Eliza, Burns, Eric, Fryer, Chris L., Svinkin, Dmitry, Bala, Suman, Hamburg, Rachel, Gill, Ramandeep, Negro, Michela, Masterson, Megan, DeLaunay, James, Lawrence, David J., Abrahams, Sophie E. D., Kawakubo, Yuta, Beniamini, Paz, Diget, Christian Aa., Frederiks, Dmitry, Goldsten, John, Goldstein, Adam, Hall-Smith, Alexander D., Kara, Erin, Laird, Alison M., Lamb, Gavin P., Roberts, Oliver J., Seeb, Ryan, Villar, V. Ashley, Airasca, Aldana Holzmann, Barber, Joseph R., Bhat, P. Narayana, Bissaldi, Elisabetta, Briggs, Michael S., Cleveland, William H, Dalessi, Sarah, Depalo, Davide, Giles, Misty M., Granot, Jonathan, Hristov, Boyan A., Hui, C. Michelle, von Kienlin, Andreas, Kierans, Carolyn, Kocevski, Daniel, Lesage, Stephen, Lysenko, Alexandra L., Mailyan, Bagrat, Malacaria, Christian, Parsotan, Tyler, Ridnaia, Anna, Ronchini, Samuele, Scotton, Lorenzo, Trigg, Aaron C., Tsvetkova, Anastasia, Ulanov, Mikhail, Veres, Péter, Williams, Maia, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A., Wood, Joshua
Format:	Preprint
Veröffentlicht:	2025
Schlagworte:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Online-Zugang:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866911323132002304
author	Neights, Eliza Burns, Eric Fryer, Chris L. Svinkin, Dmitry Bala, Suman Hamburg, Rachel Gill, Ramandeep Negro, Michela Masterson, Megan DeLaunay, James Lawrence, David J. Abrahams, Sophie E. D. Kawakubo, Yuta Beniamini, Paz Diget, Christian Aa. Frederiks, Dmitry Goldsten, John Goldstein, Adam Hall-Smith, Alexander D. Kara, Erin Laird, Alison M. Lamb, Gavin P. Roberts, Oliver J. Seeb, Ryan Villar, V. Ashley Airasca, Aldana Holzmann Barber, Joseph R. Bhat, P. Narayana Bissaldi, Elisabetta Briggs, Michael S. Cleveland, William H Dalessi, Sarah Depalo, Davide Giles, Misty M. Granot, Jonathan Hristov, Boyan A. Hui, C. Michelle von Kienlin, Andreas Kierans, Carolyn Kocevski, Daniel Lesage, Stephen Lysenko, Alexandra L. Mailyan, Bagrat Malacaria, Christian Parsotan, Tyler Ridnaia, Anna Ronchini, Samuele Scotton, Lorenzo Trigg, Aaron C. Tsvetkova, Anastasia Ulanov, Mikhail Veres, Péter Williams, Maia Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Wood, Joshua
author_facet	Neights, Eliza Burns, Eric Fryer, Chris L. Svinkin, Dmitry Bala, Suman Hamburg, Rachel Gill, Ramandeep Negro, Michela Masterson, Megan DeLaunay, James Lawrence, David J. Abrahams, Sophie E. D. Kawakubo, Yuta Beniamini, Paz Diget, Christian Aa. Frederiks, Dmitry Goldsten, John Goldstein, Adam Hall-Smith, Alexander D. Kara, Erin Laird, Alison M. Lamb, Gavin P. Roberts, Oliver J. Seeb, Ryan Villar, V. Ashley Airasca, Aldana Holzmann Barber, Joseph R. Bhat, P. Narayana Bissaldi, Elisabetta Briggs, Michael S. Cleveland, William H Dalessi, Sarah Depalo, Davide Giles, Misty M. Granot, Jonathan Hristov, Boyan A. Hui, C. Michelle von Kienlin, Andreas Kierans, Carolyn Kocevski, Daniel Lesage, Stephen Lysenko, Alexandra L. Mailyan, Bagrat Malacaria, Christian Parsotan, Tyler Ridnaia, Anna Ronchini, Samuele Scotton, Lorenzo Trigg, Aaron C. Tsvetkova, Anastasia Ulanov, Mikhail Veres, Péter Williams, Maia Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Wood, Joshua
contents	Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous electromagnetic events in the universe. Their prompt gamma-ray emission has typical durations between a fraction of a second and several minutes. A rare subset of these events have durations in excess of a thousand seconds, referred to as ultra-long gamma-ray bursts. Here, we report the discovery of the longest gamma-ray burst ever seen with a ~25,000 s gamma-ray duration, GRB 250702B, and characterize this event using data from four instruments in the InterPlanetary Network and the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image. We find a hard spectrum, subsecond variability, and high total energy, which are only known to arise from ultrarelativistic jets powered by a rapidly-spinning stellar-mass central engine. These properties and the extreme duration are together incompatible with all confirmed gamma-ray burst progenitors and nearly all models in the literature. This burst is naturally explained with the helium merger model, where a field binary ends when a black hole falls into a stripped star and proceeds to consume and explode it from within. Under this paradigm, GRB 250702B adds to the growing evidence that helium stars expand and that some ultra-long GRBs have similar evolutionary pathways as collapsars, stellar-mass gravitational wave sources, and potentially rare types of supernovae.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_22792
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	GRB 250702B: Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst from a Black Hole Falling into a Star Neights, Eliza Burns, Eric Fryer, Chris L. Svinkin, Dmitry Bala, Suman Hamburg, Rachel Gill, Ramandeep Negro, Michela Masterson, Megan DeLaunay, James Lawrence, David J. Abrahams, Sophie E. D. Kawakubo, Yuta Beniamini, Paz Diget, Christian Aa. Frederiks, Dmitry Goldsten, John Goldstein, Adam Hall-Smith, Alexander D. Kara, Erin Laird, Alison M. Lamb, Gavin P. Roberts, Oliver J. Seeb, Ryan Villar, V. Ashley Airasca, Aldana Holzmann Barber, Joseph R. Bhat, P. Narayana Bissaldi, Elisabetta Briggs, Michael S. Cleveland, William H Dalessi, Sarah Depalo, Davide Giles, Misty M. Granot, Jonathan Hristov, Boyan A. Hui, C. Michelle von Kienlin, Andreas Kierans, Carolyn Kocevski, Daniel Lesage, Stephen Lysenko, Alexandra L. Mailyan, Bagrat Malacaria, Christian Parsotan, Tyler Ridnaia, Anna Ronchini, Samuele Scotton, Lorenzo Trigg, Aaron C. Tsvetkova, Anastasia Ulanov, Mikhail Veres, Péter Williams, Maia Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Wood, Joshua High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Gamma-ray bursts are the most luminous electromagnetic events in the universe. Their prompt gamma-ray emission has typical durations between a fraction of a second and several minutes. A rare subset of these events have durations in excess of a thousand seconds, referred to as ultra-long gamma-ray bursts. Here, we report the discovery of the longest gamma-ray burst ever seen with a ~25,000 s gamma-ray duration, GRB 250702B, and characterize this event using data from four instruments in the InterPlanetary Network and the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image. We find a hard spectrum, subsecond variability, and high total energy, which are only known to arise from ultrarelativistic jets powered by a rapidly-spinning stellar-mass central engine. These properties and the extreme duration are together incompatible with all confirmed gamma-ray burst progenitors and nearly all models in the literature. This burst is naturally explained with the helium merger model, where a field binary ends when a black hole falls into a stripped star and proceeds to consume and explode it from within. Under this paradigm, GRB 250702B adds to the growing evidence that helium stars expand and that some ultra-long GRBs have similar evolutionary pathways as collapsars, stellar-mass gravitational wave sources, and potentially rare types of supernovae.
title	GRB 250702B: Discovery of a Gamma-Ray Burst from a Black Hole Falling into a Star
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.22792