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Hauptverfasser: Gupta, Aman, Celente, Rafael, Shivanna, Abhishek, Braithwaite, D. T., Dexter, Gregory, Tang, Shao, Udagawa, Hiroto, Silva, Daniel, Ramanath, Rohan, Keerthi, S. Sathiya
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23106
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author Gupta, Aman
Celente, Rafael
Shivanna, Abhishek
Braithwaite, D. T.
Dexter, Gregory
Tang, Shao
Udagawa, Hiroto
Silva, Daniel
Ramanath, Rohan
Keerthi, S. Sathiya
author_facet Gupta, Aman
Celente, Rafael
Shivanna, Abhishek
Braithwaite, D. T.
Dexter, Gregory
Tang, Shao
Udagawa, Hiroto
Silva, Daniel
Ramanath, Rohan
Keerthi, S. Sathiya
contents The Muon optimizer, based on matrix orthogonalization, has recently shown faster convergence and better computational efficiency over AdamW in LLM pre-training. However, the memory overhead of maintaining high-precision optimizer states remains a challenge for large-scale deployment. In this paper, we introduce the 8-bit Muon optimizer using blockwise quantization. In extensive Chinchilla-optimal experiments on pre-training models of up to 2.7B in size and fine-tuning them for instruction following, we demonstrate that 8-bit Muon achieves parity with Muon in terms of validation loss and downstream benchmarks, while achieving up to a 62\% reduction in optimizer state footprint. Crucially, we show that Muon's update mechanism is uniquely compatible with a simple linear quantization scheme, bypassing the complex dynamic scaling required for quantized AdamW. We supplement our empirical findings with a theoretical analysis of Muon's robustness to quantization noise.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_23106
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Effective Quantization of Muon Optimizer States
Gupta, Aman
Celente, Rafael
Shivanna, Abhishek
Braithwaite, D. T.
Dexter, Gregory
Tang, Shao
Udagawa, Hiroto
Silva, Daniel
Ramanath, Rohan
Keerthi, S. Sathiya
Machine Learning
The Muon optimizer, based on matrix orthogonalization, has recently shown faster convergence and better computational efficiency over AdamW in LLM pre-training. However, the memory overhead of maintaining high-precision optimizer states remains a challenge for large-scale deployment. In this paper, we introduce the 8-bit Muon optimizer using blockwise quantization. In extensive Chinchilla-optimal experiments on pre-training models of up to 2.7B in size and fine-tuning them for instruction following, we demonstrate that 8-bit Muon achieves parity with Muon in terms of validation loss and downstream benchmarks, while achieving up to a 62\% reduction in optimizer state footprint. Crucially, we show that Muon's update mechanism is uniquely compatible with a simple linear quantization scheme, bypassing the complex dynamic scaling required for quantized AdamW. We supplement our empirical findings with a theoretical analysis of Muon's robustness to quantization noise.
title Effective Quantization of Muon Optimizer States
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23106