Superconductivity at 22.3 K in Compressed Sodium-intercalated Graphite
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866918149688918016 |
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| author | Huang, Ming-Xing Liu, Yuan-Qing Hao, Chun-Mei Shao, Xi An, Tingwei Yang, Guochun Gao, Yufei Wang, Shaojie Wang, Lin Xu, Bo Ke, Feng Zhou, Xiang-Feng Tian, Yongjun |
| author_facet | Huang, Ming-Xing Liu, Yuan-Qing Hao, Chun-Mei Shao, Xi An, Tingwei Yang, Guochun Gao, Yufei Wang, Shaojie Wang, Lin Xu, Bo Ke, Feng Zhou, Xiang-Feng Tian, Yongjun |
| contents | Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) have long been recognized as promising candidates for high-temperature superconductivity by intercalation or charge doping, yet experimental progress has stalled with transition temperatures (Tc) limited to 11.5 K at ambient pressure and 15.1 K at 7.5 GPa in calcium-intercalated graphite over decades. Here, we report robust superconductivity in sodium-intercalated graphite with Tc of 22.3 K, as demonstrated by clear zero-resistance behavior. Our approach involves simply room-temperature grinding of graphite with sodium, followed by slight compression up to 7.1 GPa, circumventing complex synthesis procedures. Through synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with first-principles calculations, we identify the major superconducting phase as an orthorhombic stage-2 GIC structure with slightly over-stoichiometric composition (Na1+xC8). Electron-phonon coupling calculations reveal that superconductivity primarily emerges from the interactions between out-of-plane carbon electrons and low-frequency Na/C vibrations.The enhancement in Tc establishes sodium as superior for achieving higher-Tc in GICs and illustrates promising pathway for further optimization through compositional and structural tuning. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_23137 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Superconductivity at 22.3 K in Compressed Sodium-intercalated Graphite Huang, Ming-Xing Liu, Yuan-Qing Hao, Chun-Mei Shao, Xi An, Tingwei Yang, Guochun Gao, Yufei Wang, Shaojie Wang, Lin Xu, Bo Ke, Feng Zhou, Xiang-Feng Tian, Yongjun Superconductivity Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) have long been recognized as promising candidates for high-temperature superconductivity by intercalation or charge doping, yet experimental progress has stalled with transition temperatures (Tc) limited to 11.5 K at ambient pressure and 15.1 K at 7.5 GPa in calcium-intercalated graphite over decades. Here, we report robust superconductivity in sodium-intercalated graphite with Tc of 22.3 K, as demonstrated by clear zero-resistance behavior. Our approach involves simply room-temperature grinding of graphite with sodium, followed by slight compression up to 7.1 GPa, circumventing complex synthesis procedures. Through synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with first-principles calculations, we identify the major superconducting phase as an orthorhombic stage-2 GIC structure with slightly over-stoichiometric composition (Na1+xC8). Electron-phonon coupling calculations reveal that superconductivity primarily emerges from the interactions between out-of-plane carbon electrons and low-frequency Na/C vibrations.The enhancement in Tc establishes sodium as superior for achieving higher-Tc in GICs and illustrates promising pathway for further optimization through compositional and structural tuning. |
| title | Superconductivity at 22.3 K in Compressed Sodium-intercalated Graphite |
| topic | Superconductivity |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23137 |