Generalizable Coarse-to-Fine Robot Manipulation via Language-Aligned 3D Keypoints

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hu, Jianshu, Wang, Lidi, Li, Shujia, Jiang, Yunpeng, Li, Xiao, Weng, Paul, Ban, Yutong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Hu, Jianshu
Wang, Lidi
Li, Shujia
Jiang, Yunpeng
Li, Xiao
Weng, Paul
Ban, Yutong
author_facet Hu, Jianshu
Wang, Lidi
Li, Shujia
Jiang, Yunpeng
Li, Xiao
Weng, Paul
Ban, Yutong
contents Hierarchical coarse-to-fine policy, where a coarse branch predicts a region of interest to guide a fine-grained action predictor, has demonstrated significant potential in robotic 3D manipulation tasks by especially enhancing sample efficiency and enabling more precise manipulation. However, even augmented with pre-trained models, these hierarchical policies still suffer from generalization issues. To enhance generalization to novel instructions and environment variations, we propose Coarse-to-fine Language-Aligned manipulation Policy (CLAP), a framework that integrates three key components: 1) task decomposition, 2) VLM fine-tuning for 3D keypoint prediction, and 3) 3D-aware representation. Through comprehensive experiments in simulation and on a real robot, we demonstrate its superior generalization capability. Specifically, on GemBench, a benchmark designed for evaluating generalization, our approach achieves a 12\% higher average success rate than the SOTA method while using only 1/5 of the training trajectories. In real-world experiments, our policy, trained on only 10 demonstrations, successfully generalizes to novel instructions and environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_23575
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Generalizable Coarse-to-Fine Robot Manipulation via Language-Aligned 3D Keypoints
Hu, Jianshu
Wang, Lidi
Li, Shujia
Jiang, Yunpeng
Li, Xiao
Weng, Paul
Ban, Yutong
Robotics
Hierarchical coarse-to-fine policy, where a coarse branch predicts a region of interest to guide a fine-grained action predictor, has demonstrated significant potential in robotic 3D manipulation tasks by especially enhancing sample efficiency and enabling more precise manipulation. However, even augmented with pre-trained models, these hierarchical policies still suffer from generalization issues. To enhance generalization to novel instructions and environment variations, we propose Coarse-to-fine Language-Aligned manipulation Policy (CLAP), a framework that integrates three key components: 1) task decomposition, 2) VLM fine-tuning for 3D keypoint prediction, and 3) 3D-aware representation. Through comprehensive experiments in simulation and on a real robot, we demonstrate its superior generalization capability. Specifically, on GemBench, a benchmark designed for evaluating generalization, our approach achieves a 12\% higher average success rate than the SOTA method while using only 1/5 of the training trajectories. In real-world experiments, our policy, trained on only 10 demonstrations, successfully generalizes to novel instructions and environments.
title Generalizable Coarse-to-Fine Robot Manipulation via Language-Aligned 3D Keypoints
topic Robotics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23575