LocoFormer: Generalist Locomotion via Long-context Adaptation

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Hauptverfasser: Liu, Min, Pathak, Deepak, Agarwal, Ananye
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Liu, Min
Pathak, Deepak
Agarwal, Ananye
author_facet Liu, Min
Pathak, Deepak
Agarwal, Ananye
contents Modern locomotion controllers are manually tuned for specific embodiments. We present LocoFormer, a generalist omni-bodied locomotion model that can control previously unseen legged and wheeled robots, even without precise knowledge of their kinematics. LocoFormer is able to adapt to changes in morphology and dynamics at test time. We find that two key choices enable adaptation. First, we train massive scale RL on procedurally generated robots with aggressive domain randomization. Second, in contrast to previous policies that are myopic with short context lengths, we extend context by orders of magnitude to span episode boundaries. We deploy the same LocoFormer to varied robots and show robust control even with large disturbances such as weight change and motor failures. In extreme scenarios, we see emergent adaptation across episodes, LocoFormer learns from falls in early episodes to improve control strategies in later ones. We believe that this simple, yet general recipe can be used to train foundation models for other robotic skills in the future. Videos at generalist-locomotion.github.io.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_23745
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LocoFormer: Generalist Locomotion via Long-context Adaptation
Liu, Min
Pathak, Deepak
Agarwal, Ananye
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Modern locomotion controllers are manually tuned for specific embodiments. We present LocoFormer, a generalist omni-bodied locomotion model that can control previously unseen legged and wheeled robots, even without precise knowledge of their kinematics. LocoFormer is able to adapt to changes in morphology and dynamics at test time. We find that two key choices enable adaptation. First, we train massive scale RL on procedurally generated robots with aggressive domain randomization. Second, in contrast to previous policies that are myopic with short context lengths, we extend context by orders of magnitude to span episode boundaries. We deploy the same LocoFormer to varied robots and show robust control even with large disturbances such as weight change and motor failures. In extreme scenarios, we see emergent adaptation across episodes, LocoFormer learns from falls in early episodes to improve control strategies in later ones. We believe that this simple, yet general recipe can be used to train foundation models for other robotic skills in the future. Videos at generalist-locomotion.github.io.
title LocoFormer: Generalist Locomotion via Long-context Adaptation
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23745