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Main Authors:	Jiang, Jiarui, Huang, Wei, Zhang, Miao, Suzuki, Taiji, Nie, Liqiang
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Machine Learning
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23779
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Mamba Can Learn Low-Dimensional Targets In-Context via Test-Time Feature Learning
by: Oh, Junsoo, et al.
Published: (2025)

On the Optimization and Generalization of Two-layer Transformers with Sign Gradient Descent
by: Li, Bingrui, et al.
Published: (2024)

How Does Label Noise Gradient Descent Improve Generalization in the Low SNR Regime?
by: Huang, Wei, et al.
Published: (2025)

Generalization Bound of Gradient Flow through Training Trajectory and Data-dependent Kernel
by: Chen, Yilan, et al.
Published: (2025)

A Polynomial-time Algorithm for Online Sparse Linear Regression with Improved Regret Bound under Weaker Conditions
by: Li, Junfan, et al.
Published: (2025)

In-Context Learning Is Provably Bayesian Inference: A Generalization Theory for Meta-Learning
by: Wakayama, Tomoya, et al.
Published: (2025)

AutoLL: Automatic Linear Layout of Graphs based on Deep Neural Network
by: Watanabe, Chihiro, et al.
Published: (2021)

Transformers Learn Nonlinear Features In Context: Nonconvex Mean-field Dynamics on the Attention Landscape
by: Kim, Juno, et al.
Published: (2024)

Scaling Law for Stochastic Gradient Descent in Quadratically Parameterized Linear Regression
by: Ding, Shihong, et al.
Published: (2025)

Transformers are Minimax Optimal Nonparametric In-Context Learners
by: Kim, Juno, et al.
Published: (2024)

Transformers Efficiently Perform In-Context Logistic Regression via Normalized Gradient Descent
by: Zhang, Chenyang, et al.
Published: (2026)

Degrees of Freedom for Linear Attention: Distilling Softmax Attention with Optimal Feature Efficiency
by: Nishikawa, Naoki, et al.
Published: (2025)

Hessian-guided Perturbed Wasserstein Gradient Flows for Escaping Saddle Points
by: Yamamoto, Naoya, et al.
Published: (2025)

Train with Perturbation, Infer after Merging: A Two-Stage Framework for Continual Learning
by: Qiu, Haomiao, et al.
Published: (2025)

Towards a Unified Analysis of Neural Networks in Nonparametric Instrumental Variable Regression: Optimization and Generalization
by: Chen, Zonghao, et al.
Published: (2025)

Learning Curves of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Kernel Regression
by: Zhang, Haihan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Optimality and Adaptivity of Deep Neural Features for Instrumental Variable Regression
by: Kim, Juno, et al.
Published: (2025)

Provably Transformers Harness Multi-Concept Word Semantics for Efficient In-Context Learning
by: Bu, Dake, et al.
Published: (2024)

Test time training enhances in-context learning of nonlinear functions
by: Kuwataka, Kento, et al.
Published: (2025)

Deep Two-Way Matrix Reordering for Relational Data Analysis
by: Watanabe, Chihiro, et al.
Published: (2021)

The Mechanism of Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Feature Elicitation from Latent Knowledge
by: Awano, Ryoya, et al.
Published: (2026)

State Space Models are Provably Comparable to Transformers in Dynamic Token Selection
by: Nishikawa, Naoki, et al.
Published: (2024)

Transformers Provably Solve Parity Efficiently with Chain of Thought
by: Kim, Juno, et al.
Published: (2024)

Mean-field Analysis on Two-layer Neural Networks from a Kernel Perspective
by: Takakura, Shokichi, et al.
Published: (2024)

Transformers as Measure-Theoretic Associative Memory: A Statistical Perspective and Minimax Optimality
by: Kawata, Ryotaro, et al.
Published: (2026)

Approximation and Estimation Ability of Transformers for Sequence-to-Sequence Functions with Infinite Dimensional Input
by: Takakura, Shokichi, et al.
Published: (2023)

Transformers Implement Functional Gradient Descent to Learn Non-Linear Functions In Context
by: Cheng, Xiang, et al.
Published: (2023)

On the Learning Dynamics of Two-layer Linear Networks with Label Noise SGD
by: Zhang, Tongcheng, et al.
Published: (2026)

Stochastic Gradient Descent for Nonparametric Additive Regression
by: Chen, Xin, et al.
Published: (2024)

Provable Benefit of Curriculum in Transformer Tree-Reasoning Post-Training
by: Bu, Dake, et al.
Published: (2025)

Provable In-Context Vector Arithmetic via Retrieving Task Concepts
by: Bu, Dake, et al.
Published: (2025)

SplitLoRA: Balancing Stability and Plasticity in Continual Learning Through Gradient Space Splitting
by: Qiu, Haomiao, et al.
Published: (2025)

Direct Density Ratio Optimization: A Statistically Consistent Approach to Aligning Large Language Models
by: Higuchi, Rei, et al.
Published: (2025)

Mixture of Experts Provably Detect and Learn the Latent Cluster Structure in Gradient-Based Learning
by: Kawata, Ryotaro, et al.
Published: (2025)

Inference-Aware Meta-Alignment of LLMs via Non-Linear GRPO
by: Takakura, Shokichi, et al.
Published: (2026)

Boost Post-Training Quantization via Null Space Optimization for Large Language Models
by: Zhao, Jiaqi, et al.
Published: (2025)

Convergence Error Analysis of Reflected Gradient Langevin Dynamics for Globally Optimizing Non-Convex Constrained Problems
by: Sato, Kanji, et al.
Published: (2022)

Comparing the Moore-Penrose Pseudoinverse and Gradient Descent for Solving Linear Regression Problems: A Performance Analysis
by: Adams, Alex
Published: (2025)

How do Transformers perform In-Context Autoregressive Learning?
by: Sander, Michael E., et al.
Published: (2024)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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