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Main Authors: Hong, Chih-Duo, Wang, Yu, Chang, Yao-Chen, Yu, Fang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23806
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author Hong, Chih-Duo
Wang, Yu
Chang, Yao-Chen
Yu, Fang
author_facet Hong, Chih-Duo
Wang, Yu
Chang, Yao-Chen
Yu, Fang
contents Concolic testing for deep neural networks alternates concrete execution with constraint solving to search for inputs that flip decisions. We present an {influence-guided} concolic tester for Transformer classifiers that ranks path predicates by SHAP-based estimates of their impact on the model output. To enable SMT solving on modern architectures, we prototype a solver-compatible, pure-Python semantics for multi-head self-attention and introduce practical scheduling heuristics that temper constraint growth on deeper models. In a white-box study on compact Transformers under small $L_0$ budgets, influence guidance finds label-flip inputs more efficiently than a FIFO baseline and maintains steady progress on deeper networks. Aggregating successful attack instances with a SHAP-based critical decision path analysis reveals recurring, compact decision logic shared across attacks. These observations suggest that (i) influence signals provide a useful search bias for symbolic exploration, and (ii) solver-friendly attention semantics paired with lightweight scheduling make concolic testing feasible for contemporary Transformer models, offering potential utility for debugging and model auditing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_23806
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Influence-Guided Concolic Testing of Transformer Robustness
Hong, Chih-Duo
Wang, Yu
Chang, Yao-Chen
Yu, Fang
Software Engineering
Machine Learning
Concolic testing for deep neural networks alternates concrete execution with constraint solving to search for inputs that flip decisions. We present an {influence-guided} concolic tester for Transformer classifiers that ranks path predicates by SHAP-based estimates of their impact on the model output. To enable SMT solving on modern architectures, we prototype a solver-compatible, pure-Python semantics for multi-head self-attention and introduce practical scheduling heuristics that temper constraint growth on deeper models. In a white-box study on compact Transformers under small $L_0$ budgets, influence guidance finds label-flip inputs more efficiently than a FIFO baseline and maintains steady progress on deeper networks. Aggregating successful attack instances with a SHAP-based critical decision path analysis reveals recurring, compact decision logic shared across attacks. These observations suggest that (i) influence signals provide a useful search bias for symbolic exploration, and (ii) solver-friendly attention semantics paired with lightweight scheduling make concolic testing feasible for contemporary Transformer models, offering potential utility for debugging and model auditing.
title Influence-Guided Concolic Testing of Transformer Robustness
topic Software Engineering
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23806