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Main Authors: Lou, Jiale, Wang, Wu, Peng, Jiazhen, Sun, Fei, Wu, Kejun, Xie, Wei, Zhang, Zuman, Li, Shuang, Wang, Sa
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23872
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author Lou, Jiale
Wang, Wu
Peng, Jiazhen
Sun, Fei
Wu, Kejun
Xie, Wei
Zhang, Zuman
Li, Shuang
Wang, Sa
author_facet Lou, Jiale
Wang, Wu
Peng, Jiazhen
Sun, Fei
Wu, Kejun
Xie, Wei
Zhang, Zuman
Li, Shuang
Wang, Sa
contents We calculate the collisional energy loss and momentum diffusion coefficients of heavy quarks traversing a hot and dense QCD medium at finite quark chemical potential, $μ\neq0$. The analysis is performed within an extended soft-hard factorization model (SHFM) that consistently incorporates the $μ$-dependence of the Debye screening mass $M_D(μ)$ and of the fermionic thermal distribution functions. Both the energy loss and the diffusion coefficients are found to increase with $μ$, with the enhancement being most pronounced at low temperatures where the chemical potential effects dominate the medium response. To elucidate the origin of this dependence, we derive analytic high-energy approximations in which the leading $μ$-corrections appear as logarithmic terms: a soft logarithm $\simμ^{2}\ln(|t^{*}|/M_{D}^{2})$ from $t$-channel scattering off thermal gluonic excitations, and a hard logarithm $\simμ^{2}\ln(E_{1}T/|t^{*}|)$ from scattering off thermal quarks. In the complete result the dependence on the intermediate separation scale $t^{\ast}$ cancels, as required. We also confirm the expected mass hierarchy $-dE/dz(charm)<-dE/dz(bottom)$ at fixed velocity. Our findings demonstrate that finite chemical potential plays a significant role in heavy-quark transport and must be included in theoretical descriptions of heavy-flavor dynamics in baryon-rich environments, such as those probed in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan, and at FAIR and NICA.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_23872
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Soft-hard factorization of heavy-quark transport in QCD matter at finite chemical potential
Lou, Jiale
Wang, Wu
Peng, Jiazhen
Sun, Fei
Wu, Kejun
Xie, Wei
Zhang, Zuman
Li, Shuang
Wang, Sa
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
We calculate the collisional energy loss and momentum diffusion coefficients of heavy quarks traversing a hot and dense QCD medium at finite quark chemical potential, $μ\neq0$. The analysis is performed within an extended soft-hard factorization model (SHFM) that consistently incorporates the $μ$-dependence of the Debye screening mass $M_D(μ)$ and of the fermionic thermal distribution functions. Both the energy loss and the diffusion coefficients are found to increase with $μ$, with the enhancement being most pronounced at low temperatures where the chemical potential effects dominate the medium response. To elucidate the origin of this dependence, we derive analytic high-energy approximations in which the leading $μ$-corrections appear as logarithmic terms: a soft logarithm $\simμ^{2}\ln(|t^{*}|/M_{D}^{2})$ from $t$-channel scattering off thermal gluonic excitations, and a hard logarithm $\simμ^{2}\ln(E_{1}T/|t^{*}|)$ from scattering off thermal quarks. In the complete result the dependence on the intermediate separation scale $t^{\ast}$ cancels, as required. We also confirm the expected mass hierarchy $-dE/dz(charm)<-dE/dz(bottom)$ at fixed velocity. Our findings demonstrate that finite chemical potential plays a significant role in heavy-quark transport and must be included in theoretical descriptions of heavy-flavor dynamics in baryon-rich environments, such as those probed in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan, and at FAIR and NICA.
title Soft-hard factorization of heavy-quark transport in QCD matter at finite chemical potential
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.23872