TeraAgent: A Distributed Agent-Based Simulation Engine for Simulating Half a Trillion Agents

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Breitwieser, Lukas, Hesam, Ahmad, Yağlıkçı, Abdullah Giray, Sadrosadati, Mohammad, Rademakers, Fons, Mutlu, Onur
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Breitwieser, Lukas
Hesam, Ahmad
Yağlıkçı, Abdullah Giray
Sadrosadati, Mohammad
Rademakers, Fons
Mutlu, Onur
author_facet Breitwieser, Lukas
Hesam, Ahmad
Yağlıkçı, Abdullah Giray
Sadrosadati, Mohammad
Rademakers, Fons
Mutlu, Onur
contents Agent-based simulation is an indispensable paradigm for studying complex systems. These systems can comprise billions of agents, requiring the computing resources of multiple servers to simulate. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art platform, BioDynaMo, does not scale out across servers due to its shared-memory-based implementation. To overcome this key limitation, we introduce TeraAgent, a distributed agent-based simulation engine. A critical challenge in distributed execution is the exchange of agent information across servers, which we identify as a major performance bottleneck. We propose two solutions: 1) a tailored serialization mechanism that allows agents to be accessed and mutated directly from the receive buffer, and 2) leveraging the iterative nature of agent-based simulations to reduce data transfer with delta encoding. Built on our solutions, TeraAgent enables extreme-scale simulations with half a trillion agents (an 84x improvement), reduces time-to-result with additional compute nodes, improves interoperability with third-party tools, and provides users with more hardware flexibility.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_24063
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TeraAgent: A Distributed Agent-Based Simulation Engine for Simulating Half a Trillion Agents
Breitwieser, Lukas
Hesam, Ahmad
Yağlıkçı, Abdullah Giray
Sadrosadati, Mohammad
Rademakers, Fons
Mutlu, Onur
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Multiagent Systems
Performance
Quantitative Methods
Agent-based simulation is an indispensable paradigm for studying complex systems. These systems can comprise billions of agents, requiring the computing resources of multiple servers to simulate. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art platform, BioDynaMo, does not scale out across servers due to its shared-memory-based implementation. To overcome this key limitation, we introduce TeraAgent, a distributed agent-based simulation engine. A critical challenge in distributed execution is the exchange of agent information across servers, which we identify as a major performance bottleneck. We propose two solutions: 1) a tailored serialization mechanism that allows agents to be accessed and mutated directly from the receive buffer, and 2) leveraging the iterative nature of agent-based simulations to reduce data transfer with delta encoding. Built on our solutions, TeraAgent enables extreme-scale simulations with half a trillion agents (an 84x improvement), reduces time-to-result with additional compute nodes, improves interoperability with third-party tools, and provides users with more hardware flexibility.
title TeraAgent: A Distributed Agent-Based Simulation Engine for Simulating Half a Trillion Agents
topic Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Multiagent Systems
Performance
Quantitative Methods
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24063