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Main Authors: Luo, Linhao, Zhao, Zicheng, Liu, Junnan, Qiu, Zhangchi, Dong, Junnan, Panev, Serge, Gong, Chen, Vu, Thuy-Trang, Haffari, Gholamreza, Phung, Dinh, Liew, Alan Wee-Chung, Pan, Shirui
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24276
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author Luo, Linhao
Zhao, Zicheng
Liu, Junnan
Qiu, Zhangchi
Dong, Junnan
Panev, Serge
Gong, Chen
Vu, Thuy-Trang
Haffari, Gholamreza
Phung, Dinh
Liew, Alan Wee-Chung
Pan, Shirui
author_facet Luo, Linhao
Zhao, Zicheng
Liu, Junnan
Qiu, Zhangchi
Dong, Junnan
Panev, Serge
Gong, Chen
Vu, Thuy-Trang
Haffari, Gholamreza
Phung, Dinh
Liew, Alan Wee-Chung
Pan, Shirui
contents Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning but remain limited by static and incomplete parametric knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, yet existing RAGs struggle with knowledge-intensive tasks due to fragmented information and weak modeling of knowledge structure. Graphs offer a natural way to model relationships within knowledge, but LLMs are inherently unstructured and cannot effectively reason over graph-structured data. Recent graph-enhanced RAG (GraphRAG) attempts to bridge this gap by constructing tailored graphs and enabling LLMs to reason on them. However, these methods often depend on ad-hoc graph designs, heuristic search, or costly agent pipelines, which hinder scalability and generalization. To address these challenges, we present G-reasoner, a unified framework that integrates graph and language foundation models for scalable reasoning over diverse graph-structured knowledge. Central to our approach is QuadGraph, a standardized four-layer abstraction that unifies heterogeneous knowledge sources into a common graph representation. Building on this, we introduce a 34M-parameter graph foundation model (GFM) that jointly captures graph topology and textual semantics, and is integrated with LLMs to enhance reasoning in downstream applications. To ensure scalability and efficiency, mixed-precision training and distributed message-passing are implemented to scale GFM with more GPUs. Extensive experiments on six benchmarks show that G-reasoner consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, significantly enhances LLM reasoning, and achieves strong efficiency and cross-graph generalization.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_24276
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle G-reasoner: Foundation Models for Unified Reasoning over Graph-structured Knowledge
Luo, Linhao
Zhao, Zicheng
Liu, Junnan
Qiu, Zhangchi
Dong, Junnan
Panev, Serge
Gong, Chen
Vu, Thuy-Trang
Haffari, Gholamreza
Phung, Dinh
Liew, Alan Wee-Chung
Pan, Shirui
Artificial Intelligence
Large language models (LLMs) excel at complex reasoning but remain limited by static and incomplete parametric knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, yet existing RAGs struggle with knowledge-intensive tasks due to fragmented information and weak modeling of knowledge structure. Graphs offer a natural way to model relationships within knowledge, but LLMs are inherently unstructured and cannot effectively reason over graph-structured data. Recent graph-enhanced RAG (GraphRAG) attempts to bridge this gap by constructing tailored graphs and enabling LLMs to reason on them. However, these methods often depend on ad-hoc graph designs, heuristic search, or costly agent pipelines, which hinder scalability and generalization. To address these challenges, we present G-reasoner, a unified framework that integrates graph and language foundation models for scalable reasoning over diverse graph-structured knowledge. Central to our approach is QuadGraph, a standardized four-layer abstraction that unifies heterogeneous knowledge sources into a common graph representation. Building on this, we introduce a 34M-parameter graph foundation model (GFM) that jointly captures graph topology and textual semantics, and is integrated with LLMs to enhance reasoning in downstream applications. To ensure scalability and efficiency, mixed-precision training and distributed message-passing are implemented to scale GFM with more GPUs. Extensive experiments on six benchmarks show that G-reasoner consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, significantly enhances LLM reasoning, and achieves strong efficiency and cross-graph generalization.
title G-reasoner: Foundation Models for Unified Reasoning over Graph-structured Knowledge
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24276