Forcing a unique minimum spanning tree and a unique shortest path

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Gima, Tatsuya, Kobayashi, Yasuaki, Otachi, Yota, Sato, Takumi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Gima, Tatsuya
Kobayashi, Yasuaki
Otachi, Yota
Sato, Takumi
author_facet Gima, Tatsuya
Kobayashi, Yasuaki
Otachi, Yota
Sato, Takumi
contents A forcing set $S$ in a combinatorial problem is a set of elements such that there is a unique solution that contains all the elements in $S$. An anti-forcing set is the symmetric concept: a set $S$ of elements is called an anti-forcing set if there is a unique solution disjoint from $S$. There are extensive studies on the computational complexity of finding a minimum forcing set in various combinatorial problems, and the known results indicate that many problems would be harder than their classical counterparts: the decision version of finding a minimum forcing set for perfect matchings is NP-complete [Adams et al., Discret. Math. 2004] and that of finding a minimum forcing set for satisfying assignments for 3CNF formulas is $Σ_2^{\mathrm{P}}$-complete [Hatami-Maserrat, DAM 2005]. In this paper, we investigate the complexity of the problems of finding minimum forcing and anti-forcing sets for the shortest $s$-$t$ path problem and the minimum weight spanning tree problem. We show that, unlike the aforementioned results, these problems are tractable, with the exception of the decision version of finding a minimum anti-forcing set for shortest $s$-$t$ paths, which is NP-complete.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_24309
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Forcing a unique minimum spanning tree and a unique shortest path
Gima, Tatsuya
Kobayashi, Yasuaki
Otachi, Yota
Sato, Takumi
Data Structures and Algorithms
A forcing set $S$ in a combinatorial problem is a set of elements such that there is a unique solution that contains all the elements in $S$. An anti-forcing set is the symmetric concept: a set $S$ of elements is called an anti-forcing set if there is a unique solution disjoint from $S$. There are extensive studies on the computational complexity of finding a minimum forcing set in various combinatorial problems, and the known results indicate that many problems would be harder than their classical counterparts: the decision version of finding a minimum forcing set for perfect matchings is NP-complete [Adams et al., Discret. Math. 2004] and that of finding a minimum forcing set for satisfying assignments for 3CNF formulas is $Σ_2^{\mathrm{P}}$-complete [Hatami-Maserrat, DAM 2005]. In this paper, we investigate the complexity of the problems of finding minimum forcing and anti-forcing sets for the shortest $s$-$t$ path problem and the minimum weight spanning tree problem. We show that, unlike the aforementioned results, these problems are tractable, with the exception of the decision version of finding a minimum anti-forcing set for shortest $s$-$t$ paths, which is NP-complete.
title Forcing a unique minimum spanning tree and a unique shortest path
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24309