Arm events in critical planar loop soups
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Bi, Yijie Gao, Yifan Nolin, Pierre Qian, Wei |
| author_facet | Bi, Yijie Gao, Yifan Nolin, Pierre Qian, Wei |
| contents | We establish up-to-constants estimates for arm events in the Brownian loop soup on the 2D metric graph associated with the square lattice. More specifically, we consider two natural geometric events: first, ``bulk'' four-arm events, corresponding to two large connected components of loops getting close to each other; and then, two-arm events in the half-plane, used to estimate the probability that a cluster of loops approaches the boundary. Our proof relies on an estimate by Lupu-Werner [Probab. Theory Related Fields 171(3):775-818, 2018], thanks to the well-known coupling between the loop soup and the Gaussian free field on the metric graph [Lecture Notes in Mathematics, volume 2026, 2011] and [Ann. Probab. 44(3):2117-2146, 2016].
As a consequence, we also obtain up-to-constant upper bounds for the corresponding arm events in the random walk loop soup on the square lattice. In this way, we verify Assumptions 5.7 and 5.11 in arXiv:2409.16273: in a box with side length $N$, this implies the existence of crossings where the Gaussian free field remains below $a\sqrt{\log \log N}$ in absolute value, for some constant $a > 0$ large enough. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_25024 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Arm events in critical planar loop soups Bi, Yijie Gao, Yifan Nolin, Pierre Qian, Wei Probability Mathematical Physics We establish up-to-constants estimates for arm events in the Brownian loop soup on the 2D metric graph associated with the square lattice. More specifically, we consider two natural geometric events: first, ``bulk'' four-arm events, corresponding to two large connected components of loops getting close to each other; and then, two-arm events in the half-plane, used to estimate the probability that a cluster of loops approaches the boundary. Our proof relies on an estimate by Lupu-Werner [Probab. Theory Related Fields 171(3):775-818, 2018], thanks to the well-known coupling between the loop soup and the Gaussian free field on the metric graph [Lecture Notes in Mathematics, volume 2026, 2011] and [Ann. Probab. 44(3):2117-2146, 2016]. As a consequence, we also obtain up-to-constant upper bounds for the corresponding arm events in the random walk loop soup on the square lattice. In this way, we verify Assumptions 5.7 and 5.11 in arXiv:2409.16273: in a box with side length $N$, this implies the existence of crossings where the Gaussian free field remains below $a\sqrt{\log \log N}$ in absolute value, for some constant $a > 0$ large enough. |
| title | Arm events in critical planar loop soups |
| topic | Probability Mathematical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25024 |