Null matter and the ultrarelativistic origin of hydrodynamics at zero temperature
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arXiv
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866909815133962240 |
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| author | Armas, Jay Have, Emil Nicosia, Gianbattista-Piero |
| author_facet | Armas, Jay Have, Emil Nicosia, Gianbattista-Piero |
| contents | We uncover a universal sector of relativistic fluid dynamics by taking a novel ultrarelativistic limit in which the temperature tends to zero while the flow simultaneously approaches the speed of light. In this regime, hydrodynamics becomes an effective theory of \emph{null matter}, characterised by a preferred null vector, a preferred scale, and their gradients. We show that this theory of null matter constitutes an example of a hydrodynamic theory that can be linearly stable and causal in an arbitrary choice of frame. The framework developed here for null matter can offer insights into ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, astrophysical phenomena with inherently large Lorentz factors, and the dynamics of black hole horizons. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_25320 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Null matter and the ultrarelativistic origin of hydrodynamics at zero temperature Armas, Jay Have, Emil Nicosia, Gianbattista-Piero High Energy Physics - Theory High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We uncover a universal sector of relativistic fluid dynamics by taking a novel ultrarelativistic limit in which the temperature tends to zero while the flow simultaneously approaches the speed of light. In this regime, hydrodynamics becomes an effective theory of \emph{null matter}, characterised by a preferred null vector, a preferred scale, and their gradients. We show that this theory of null matter constitutes an example of a hydrodynamic theory that can be linearly stable and causal in an arbitrary choice of frame. The framework developed here for null matter can offer insights into ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, astrophysical phenomena with inherently large Lorentz factors, and the dynamics of black hole horizons. |
| title | Null matter and the ultrarelativistic origin of hydrodynamics at zero temperature |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Theory High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25320 |