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Main Authors: Kanabar, Naisargi, Higashiya, Seiichiro, Cherniak, Daniele, Sadana, Devendra, Bedell, Stephen, Efstathiadis, Haralabos
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25697
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author Kanabar, Naisargi
Higashiya, Seiichiro
Cherniak, Daniele
Sadana, Devendra
Bedell, Stephen
Efstathiadis, Haralabos
author_facet Kanabar, Naisargi
Higashiya, Seiichiro
Cherniak, Daniele
Sadana, Devendra
Bedell, Stephen
Efstathiadis, Haralabos
contents This study examines the distribution and evolution of lithium in both anode and cathode materials of commercial lithium-ion coin cells subjected to high C-rate cycling, providing insights into the mechanisms of lithium loss, trapping, and plating. Cells were cycled at 1C to 3C rates, and post-mortem analysis was performed using Li nuclear reaction analysis (Li-NRA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Li-NRA, using the resonant nuclear reaction between an incident high-energy proton and lithium, was used to measure the depth distribution of Li in the cathode and anode layers. The Li-NRA analysis revealed a surface lithium peak on the anode, likely associated with SEI formation and lithium plating, while the cathode exhibited a decrease in lithium content by ~19.7%. XRD analysis of the cycled cathode showed an expansion of the c-lattice parameter and peak shifts consistent with lithium depletion and structural deformation, supported by SEM imaging. In contrast, the dead graphite anode shows an enhanced peak at 43.3°, which corresponds to the presence of Li2Co3. 3-C rate cycling also led to capacity fade and an increase in internal resistance, highlighting the impact of lithium plating on cell performance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_25697
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Lithium depth profiling in NMC/Graphite commercial coin cells under high C-rate cycling
Kanabar, Naisargi
Higashiya, Seiichiro
Cherniak, Daniele
Sadana, Devendra
Bedell, Stephen
Efstathiadis, Haralabos
Materials Science
This study examines the distribution and evolution of lithium in both anode and cathode materials of commercial lithium-ion coin cells subjected to high C-rate cycling, providing insights into the mechanisms of lithium loss, trapping, and plating. Cells were cycled at 1C to 3C rates, and post-mortem analysis was performed using Li nuclear reaction analysis (Li-NRA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Li-NRA, using the resonant nuclear reaction between an incident high-energy proton and lithium, was used to measure the depth distribution of Li in the cathode and anode layers. The Li-NRA analysis revealed a surface lithium peak on the anode, likely associated with SEI formation and lithium plating, while the cathode exhibited a decrease in lithium content by ~19.7%. XRD analysis of the cycled cathode showed an expansion of the c-lattice parameter and peak shifts consistent with lithium depletion and structural deformation, supported by SEM imaging. In contrast, the dead graphite anode shows an enhanced peak at 43.3°, which corresponds to the presence of Li2Co3. 3-C rate cycling also led to capacity fade and an increase in internal resistance, highlighting the impact of lithium plating on cell performance.
title Lithium depth profiling in NMC/Graphite commercial coin cells under high C-rate cycling
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25697