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Autori principali: Yan, Kaizhuo, Yu, Yingjie, Yu, Yifan, Zheng, Haizhong, Lai, Fan
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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Accesso online:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25762
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author Yan, Kaizhuo
Yu, Yingjie
Yu, Yifan
Zheng, Haizhong
Lai, Fan
author_facet Yan, Kaizhuo
Yu, Yingjie
Yu, Yifan
Zheng, Haizhong
Lai, Fan
contents Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a widely adopted paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, its training pipeline suffers from substantial inefficiencies due to sequential multi-model dependencies (e.g., reward model depends on actor outputs) and long-tail response lengths, where a few long responses straggle the stage completion. We present OPPO, a novel, lightweight, and model-agnostic PPO-based RLHF framework that improves training efficiency by overlapping pipeline execution. OPPO introduces two novel techniques: (1) Intra-step overlap, which streams upstream model outputs (e.g., actor model) in right-sized chunks, enabling the downstream model (e.g., reward) to begin prefill while the upstream continues decoding; and (2) Inter-step overlap, which adaptively overcommits a few prompts and defers long generations to future steps, mitigating tail latency without discarding partial work. OPPO integrates easily with existing PPO implementations with a lightweight wrapper. Extensive evaluations show that OPPO accelerates PPO-based RLHF training by $1.8\times$--$2.8\times$ and improves GPU utilization by $1.4\times$--$2.1\times$ without compromising training convergence.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_25762
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle OPPO: Accelerating PPO-based RLHF via Pipeline Overlap
Yan, Kaizhuo
Yu, Yingjie
Yu, Yifan
Zheng, Haizhong
Lai, Fan
Machine Learning
Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a widely adopted paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, its training pipeline suffers from substantial inefficiencies due to sequential multi-model dependencies (e.g., reward model depends on actor outputs) and long-tail response lengths, where a few long responses straggle the stage completion. We present OPPO, a novel, lightweight, and model-agnostic PPO-based RLHF framework that improves training efficiency by overlapping pipeline execution. OPPO introduces two novel techniques: (1) Intra-step overlap, which streams upstream model outputs (e.g., actor model) in right-sized chunks, enabling the downstream model (e.g., reward) to begin prefill while the upstream continues decoding; and (2) Inter-step overlap, which adaptively overcommits a few prompts and defers long generations to future steps, mitigating tail latency without discarding partial work. OPPO integrates easily with existing PPO implementations with a lightweight wrapper. Extensive evaluations show that OPPO accelerates PPO-based RLHF training by $1.8\times$--$2.8\times$ and improves GPU utilization by $1.4\times$--$2.1\times$ without compromising training convergence.
title OPPO: Accelerating PPO-based RLHF via Pipeline Overlap
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.25762