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Main Authors: Ma, Xinbei, Ma, Ruotian, Chen, Xingyu, Shi, Zhengliang, Wang, Mengru, Huang, Jen-tse, Yang, Qu, Wang, Wenxuan, Ye, Fanghua, Jiang, Qingxuan, Zhou, Mengfei, Zhang, Zhuosheng, Wang, Rui, Zhao, Hai, Tu, Zhaopeng, Li, Xiaolong, Linus
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26126
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author Ma, Xinbei
Ma, Ruotian
Chen, Xingyu
Shi, Zhengliang
Wang, Mengru
Huang, Jen-tse
Yang, Qu
Wang, Wenxuan
Ye, Fanghua
Jiang, Qingxuan
Zhou, Mengfei
Zhang, Zhuosheng
Wang, Rui
Zhao, Hai
Tu, Zhaopeng
Li, Xiaolong
Linus
author_facet Ma, Xinbei
Ma, Ruotian
Chen, Xingyu
Shi, Zhengliang
Wang, Mengru
Huang, Jen-tse
Yang, Qu
Wang, Wenxuan
Ye, Fanghua
Jiang, Qingxuan
Zhou, Mengfei
Zhang, Zhuosheng
Wang, Rui
Zhao, Hai
Tu, Zhaopeng
Li, Xiaolong
Linus
contents LLM-based multi-agent systems demonstrate great potential for tackling complex problems, but how competition shapes their behavior remains underexplored. This paper investigates the over-competition in multi-agent debate, where agents under extreme pressure exhibit unreliable, harmful behaviors that undermine both collaboration and task performance. To study this phenomenon, we propose HATE, the Hunger Game Debate, a novel experimental framework that simulates debates under a zero-sum competition arena. Our experiments, conducted across a range of LLMs and tasks, reveal that competitive pressure significantly stimulates over-competition behaviors and degrades task performance, causing discussions to derail. We further explore the impact of environmental feedback by adding variants of judges, indicating that objective, task-focused feedback effectively mitigates the over-competition behaviors. We also probe the post-hoc kindness of LLMs and form a leaderboard to characterize top LLMs, providing insights for understanding and governing the emergent social dynamics of AI community.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_26126
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Hunger Game Debate: On the Emergence of Over-Competition in Multi-Agent Systems
Ma, Xinbei
Ma, Ruotian
Chen, Xingyu
Shi, Zhengliang
Wang, Mengru
Huang, Jen-tse
Yang, Qu
Wang, Wenxuan
Ye, Fanghua
Jiang, Qingxuan
Zhou, Mengfei
Zhang, Zhuosheng
Wang, Rui
Zhao, Hai
Tu, Zhaopeng
Li, Xiaolong
Linus
Computation and Language
LLM-based multi-agent systems demonstrate great potential for tackling complex problems, but how competition shapes their behavior remains underexplored. This paper investigates the over-competition in multi-agent debate, where agents under extreme pressure exhibit unreliable, harmful behaviors that undermine both collaboration and task performance. To study this phenomenon, we propose HATE, the Hunger Game Debate, a novel experimental framework that simulates debates under a zero-sum competition arena. Our experiments, conducted across a range of LLMs and tasks, reveal that competitive pressure significantly stimulates over-competition behaviors and degrades task performance, causing discussions to derail. We further explore the impact of environmental feedback by adding variants of judges, indicating that objective, task-focused feedback effectively mitigates the over-competition behaviors. We also probe the post-hoc kindness of LLMs and form a leaderboard to characterize top LLMs, providing insights for understanding and governing the emergent social dynamics of AI community.
title The Hunger Game Debate: On the Emergence of Over-Competition in Multi-Agent Systems
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26126