Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer on board Aditya-L1: Ground Calibration and In-flight Performance
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2025
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| author | Sarwade, Abhilash R. Kushwaha, Ankur Ramadevi, M. C. Bug, Monoj Lakshmipathaiah, Kiran Verma, Smrati Sharan, Vaishali Sankarasubramanian, K. |
| author_facet | Sarwade, Abhilash R. Kushwaha, Ankur Ramadevi, M. C. Bug, Monoj Lakshmipathaiah, Kiran Verma, Smrati Sharan, Vaishali Sankarasubramanian, K. |
| contents | The Solar Low-Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS) on board India's Aditya-L1 mission was launched on 2 September 2023 and commenced solar observations on 13 December 2023 following successful aperture cover deployment. Operating from the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point, SoLEXS has been providing continuous Sun-as-a-star soft X-ray spectroscopy across 2-22 keV with 170 eV resolution at 5.9 keV and 1-second temporal cadence since 6 January 2024. The instrument employs two Silicon Drift Detectors with aperture areas of 7.1 mm$^2$ and 0.1 mm$^2$ to accommodate the full dynamic range of solar activity from A-class to X-class flares. This paper presents comprehensive ground and on board calibration procedures that establish SoLEXS's quantitative spectroscopic capabilities. Ground calibration encompassed energy-channel relationships, spectral resolution characterization, instrument response functions, and collimator angular response measurements, with thermo-vacuum testing validating performance stability across operational temperature ranges. On board calibration utilizing an internal $^{55}$Fe source demonstrated preserved post-launch spectral resolution (164.9-171.2 eV), while cross-calibration with GOES-XRS and Chandrayaan-2/XSM confirmed radiometric accuracy and flux agreement. The instrument's 100% observational duty cycle at L1 enables unprecedented continuous monitoring of solar flare evolution across all intensity classes, providing calibrated data for advancing coronal heating mechanisms, flare energetics, and flare-coronal mass ejection relationship studies through soft X-ray spectroscopy. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_26292 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer on board Aditya-L1: Ground Calibration and In-flight Performance Sarwade, Abhilash R. Kushwaha, Ankur Ramadevi, M. C. Bug, Monoj Lakshmipathaiah, Kiran Verma, Smrati Sharan, Vaishali Sankarasubramanian, K. Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics The Solar Low-Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS) on board India's Aditya-L1 mission was launched on 2 September 2023 and commenced solar observations on 13 December 2023 following successful aperture cover deployment. Operating from the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point, SoLEXS has been providing continuous Sun-as-a-star soft X-ray spectroscopy across 2-22 keV with 170 eV resolution at 5.9 keV and 1-second temporal cadence since 6 January 2024. The instrument employs two Silicon Drift Detectors with aperture areas of 7.1 mm$^2$ and 0.1 mm$^2$ to accommodate the full dynamic range of solar activity from A-class to X-class flares. This paper presents comprehensive ground and on board calibration procedures that establish SoLEXS's quantitative spectroscopic capabilities. Ground calibration encompassed energy-channel relationships, spectral resolution characterization, instrument response functions, and collimator angular response measurements, with thermo-vacuum testing validating performance stability across operational temperature ranges. On board calibration utilizing an internal $^{55}$Fe source demonstrated preserved post-launch spectral resolution (164.9-171.2 eV), while cross-calibration with GOES-XRS and Chandrayaan-2/XSM confirmed radiometric accuracy and flux agreement. The instrument's 100% observational duty cycle at L1 enables unprecedented continuous monitoring of solar flare evolution across all intensity classes, providing calibrated data for advancing coronal heating mechanisms, flare energetics, and flare-coronal mass ejection relationship studies through soft X-ray spectroscopy. |
| title | Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer on board Aditya-L1: Ground Calibration and In-flight Performance |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26292 |