Stab-QRAM: An All-Clifford Quantum Random Access Memory for Special Data

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Li, Guangyi, Gan, Yu, Wu, Zeguan, Zhang, Xueyue, Zhang, Zheshen, Liu, Junyu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Li, Guangyi
Gan, Yu
Wu, Zeguan
Zhang, Xueyue
Zhang, Zheshen
Liu, Junyu
author_facet Li, Guangyi
Gan, Yu
Wu, Zeguan
Zhang, Xueyue
Zhang, Zheshen
Liu, Junyu
contents Quantum random access memories (QRAMs) are pivotal for data-intensive quantum algorithms, but existing general-purpose and domain-specific architectures are hampered by a critical bottleneck: a heavy reliance on non-Clifford gates (e.g., T-gates), which are prohibitively expensive to implement fault-tolerantly. To address this challenge, we introduce the Stabilizer-QRAM (Stab-QRAM), a domain-specific architecture tailored for data with an affine Boolean structure ($f(\mathbf{x}) = A\mathbf{x} + \mathbf{b}$ over $\mathbb{F}_2$), a class of functions vital for optimization, time-series analysis, and quantum linear systems algorithms. We demonstrate that the gate interactions required to implement the matrix $A$ form a bipartite graph. By applying König's edge-coloring theorem to this graph, we prove that Stab-QRAM achieves an optimal logical circuit depth of $O(\log N)$ for $N$ data items, matching its $O(\log N)$ space complexity. Critically, the Stab-QRAM is constructed exclusively from Clifford gates (CNOT and X), resulting in a zero $T$-count. This design completely circumvents the non-Clifford bottleneck, eliminating the need for costly magic state distillation and making it exceptionally suited for early fault-tolerant quantum computing platforms. We highlight Stab-QRAM's utility as a resource-efficient oracle for applications in discrete dynamical systems, and as a core component in Quantum Linear Systems Algorithms, providing a practical pathway for executing data-intensive tasks on emerging quantum hardware.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2509_26494
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Stab-QRAM: An All-Clifford Quantum Random Access Memory for Special Data
Li, Guangyi
Gan, Yu
Wu, Zeguan
Zhang, Xueyue
Zhang, Zheshen
Liu, Junyu
Quantum Physics
Hardware Architecture
Quantum random access memories (QRAMs) are pivotal for data-intensive quantum algorithms, but existing general-purpose and domain-specific architectures are hampered by a critical bottleneck: a heavy reliance on non-Clifford gates (e.g., T-gates), which are prohibitively expensive to implement fault-tolerantly. To address this challenge, we introduce the Stabilizer-QRAM (Stab-QRAM), a domain-specific architecture tailored for data with an affine Boolean structure ($f(\mathbf{x}) = A\mathbf{x} + \mathbf{b}$ over $\mathbb{F}_2$), a class of functions vital for optimization, time-series analysis, and quantum linear systems algorithms. We demonstrate that the gate interactions required to implement the matrix $A$ form a bipartite graph. By applying König's edge-coloring theorem to this graph, we prove that Stab-QRAM achieves an optimal logical circuit depth of $O(\log N)$ for $N$ data items, matching its $O(\log N)$ space complexity. Critically, the Stab-QRAM is constructed exclusively from Clifford gates (CNOT and X), resulting in a zero $T$-count. This design completely circumvents the non-Clifford bottleneck, eliminating the need for costly magic state distillation and making it exceptionally suited for early fault-tolerant quantum computing platforms. We highlight Stab-QRAM's utility as a resource-efficient oracle for applications in discrete dynamical systems, and as a core component in Quantum Linear Systems Algorithms, providing a practical pathway for executing data-intensive tasks on emerging quantum hardware.
title Stab-QRAM: An All-Clifford Quantum Random Access Memory for Special Data
topic Quantum Physics
Hardware Architecture
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26494