Latent Representation Learning from 3D Brain MRI for Interpretable Prediction in Multiple Sclerosis

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Huynh, Trinh Ngoc, Kien, Nguyen Duc, Anh, Nguyen Hai, Hiep, Dinh Tran, Vaneckova, Manuela, Uher, Tomas, Van Schependom, Jeroen, Denissen, Stijn, Long, Tran Quoc, Trung, Nguyen Linh, Nagels, Guy
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Huynh, Trinh Ngoc
Kien, Nguyen Duc
Anh, Nguyen Hai
Hiep, Dinh Tran
Vaneckova, Manuela
Uher, Tomas
Van Schependom, Jeroen
Denissen, Stijn
Long, Tran Quoc
Trung, Nguyen Linh
Nagels, Guy
author_facet Huynh, Trinh Ngoc
Kien, Nguyen Duc
Anh, Nguyen Hai
Hiep, Dinh Tran
Vaneckova, Manuela
Uher, Tomas
Van Schependom, Jeroen
Denissen, Stijn
Long, Tran Quoc
Trung, Nguyen Linh
Nagels, Guy
contents We present InfoVAE-Med3D, a latent-representation learning approach for 3D brain MRI that targets interpretable biomarkers of cognitive decline. Standard statistical models and shallow machine learning often lack power, while most deep learning methods behave as black boxes. Our method extends InfoVAE to explicitly maximize mutual information between images and latent variables, producing compact, structured embeddings that retain clinically meaningful content. We evaluate on two cohorts: a large healthy-control dataset (n=6527) with chronological age, and a clinical multiple sclerosis dataset from Charles University in Prague (n=904) with age and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) scores. The learned latents support accurate brain-age and SDMT regression, preserve key medical attributes, and form intuitive clusters that aid interpretation. Across reconstruction and downstream prediction tasks, InfoVAE-Med3D consistently outperforms other VAE variants, indicating stronger information capture in the embedding space. By uniting predictive performance with interpretability, InfoVAE-Med3D offers a practical path toward MRI-based biomarkers and more transparent analysis of cognitive deterioration in neurological disease.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_00051
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Latent Representation Learning from 3D Brain MRI for Interpretable Prediction in Multiple Sclerosis
Huynh, Trinh Ngoc
Kien, Nguyen Duc
Anh, Nguyen Hai
Hiep, Dinh Tran
Vaneckova, Manuela
Uher, Tomas
Van Schependom, Jeroen
Denissen, Stijn
Long, Tran Quoc
Trung, Nguyen Linh
Nagels, Guy
Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Quantitative Methods
We present InfoVAE-Med3D, a latent-representation learning approach for 3D brain MRI that targets interpretable biomarkers of cognitive decline. Standard statistical models and shallow machine learning often lack power, while most deep learning methods behave as black boxes. Our method extends InfoVAE to explicitly maximize mutual information between images and latent variables, producing compact, structured embeddings that retain clinically meaningful content. We evaluate on two cohorts: a large healthy-control dataset (n=6527) with chronological age, and a clinical multiple sclerosis dataset from Charles University in Prague (n=904) with age and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) scores. The learned latents support accurate brain-age and SDMT regression, preserve key medical attributes, and form intuitive clusters that aid interpretation. Across reconstruction and downstream prediction tasks, InfoVAE-Med3D consistently outperforms other VAE variants, indicating stronger information capture in the embedding space. By uniting predictive performance with interpretability, InfoVAE-Med3D offers a practical path toward MRI-based biomarkers and more transparent analysis of cognitive deterioration in neurological disease.
title Latent Representation Learning from 3D Brain MRI for Interpretable Prediction in Multiple Sclerosis
topic Image and Video Processing
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Quantitative Methods
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00051