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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00085 |
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| _version_ | 1866909024164773888 |
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| author | Ternes, Simon |
| author_facet | Ternes, Simon |
| contents | This work tackles the problem of achieving consistent drying rates of a solution film deposited on a $20\,\rm{cm}$-wide substrate ($\approx $ silicon-wafer size) that is driven under a narrow air flow ejected by a slot nozzle (or "air knife"). The main prerequisite of the work is that the drying rate of the solution film is highly decisive for a certain performance indicator of the deposited film at a particular, critical concentration $c_{\rm crit.}$. Empirically, this concentration can be associated with the visual observation of "the drying front" as, for the example of hybrid perovskite thin films, caused by the onset of a crystallization process. As a main result, a set of equations for achieving consistent drying rates, $\dot{d}_{\rm crit.}$, at critical concentration is presented that is solved by a simple two-staged least-squares gradient decent. From the resulting velocity vector, an optimal trajectory of the air knife, $\hat{x}(t)$, depending on the initial wet film thickness distribution over the substrate is derived. It is demonstrated that scenarios where the wet film thickness increases along the movement direction of the air knife have a consistent set of equations. Wet thin films that do not obey this constraint, as in the demonstrated scenarios with convex and concave shapes of wet film thickness over the substrate area, cannot always be dried in a fully consistent way by optimizing the air-knife trajectory alone. However, with the presented methods, optimal trajectories can still be derived that enable more homogeneous drying results. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_00085 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Consistent control of drying rates of solution thin films on wafer-sized substrates by dynamic air-knife drying with optimal trajectories Ternes, Simon Fluid Dynamics Applied Physics This work tackles the problem of achieving consistent drying rates of a solution film deposited on a $20\,\rm{cm}$-wide substrate ($\approx $ silicon-wafer size) that is driven under a narrow air flow ejected by a slot nozzle (or "air knife"). The main prerequisite of the work is that the drying rate of the solution film is highly decisive for a certain performance indicator of the deposited film at a particular, critical concentration $c_{\rm crit.}$. Empirically, this concentration can be associated with the visual observation of "the drying front" as, for the example of hybrid perovskite thin films, caused by the onset of a crystallization process. As a main result, a set of equations for achieving consistent drying rates, $\dot{d}_{\rm crit.}$, at critical concentration is presented that is solved by a simple two-staged least-squares gradient decent. From the resulting velocity vector, an optimal trajectory of the air knife, $\hat{x}(t)$, depending on the initial wet film thickness distribution over the substrate is derived. It is demonstrated that scenarios where the wet film thickness increases along the movement direction of the air knife have a consistent set of equations. Wet thin films that do not obey this constraint, as in the demonstrated scenarios with convex and concave shapes of wet film thickness over the substrate area, cannot always be dried in a fully consistent way by optimizing the air-knife trajectory alone. However, with the presented methods, optimal trajectories can still be derived that enable more homogeneous drying results. |
| title | Consistent control of drying rates of solution thin films on wafer-sized substrates by dynamic air-knife drying with optimal trajectories |
| topic | Fluid Dynamics Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00085 |