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Main Authors: Hayatsu, N. H., Zhang, Zhi-Yu, Ivison, R. J., Tsai, Chao-Wei, Zhou, Ping, Okoshi, Katsuya, Yang, Chentao, Nishimura, Yuri, Kohno, Kotaro, Kashikawa, Nobunari, Nagashima, Masahiro, Wang, Junfeng, Burgarella, Denis
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00590
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author Hayatsu, N. H.
Zhang, Zhi-Yu
Ivison, R. J.
Tsai, Chao-Wei
Zhou, Ping
Okoshi, Katsuya
Yang, Chentao
Nishimura, Yuri
Kohno, Kotaro
Kashikawa, Nobunari
Nagashima, Masahiro
Wang, Junfeng
Burgarella, Denis
author_facet Hayatsu, N. H.
Zhang, Zhi-Yu
Ivison, R. J.
Tsai, Chao-Wei
Zhou, Ping
Okoshi, Katsuya
Yang, Chentao
Nishimura, Yuri
Kohno, Kotaro
Kashikawa, Nobunari
Nagashima, Masahiro
Wang, Junfeng
Burgarella, Denis
contents Dusty, submillimeter-selected galaxies without optical counterparts contribute a non-negligible fraction of the star formation in the early universe. However, such a population is difficult to detect through classical optical/UV-based surveys. We report the serendipitous discovery of such an optically dark galaxy, behind the quadruply-lensed $z=2.56$ quasar, H1413+117, offset to the north by 6\arcsec. From $^{12}$CO $J=4$--3, $J=6$--5, and part of the $J=13$--12 transitions, which all spatially coincide with a compact submillimeter continuum emission, we determine an unambiguous spectroscopic redshift, $z=3.386\pm 0.005$. This galaxy has a molecular mass $M_{\rm mol} \sim 10^{11}$ M$_\odot$ and a black hole mass $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{8}$ M$_\odot$, estimated from $^{12}$CO $J=4$--3 and archival {\it Chandra} X-ray data ($L_{\rm 2-10,keV} \sim 4 \times 10^{44}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$), respectively. We also estimate a total infrared luminosity of $L_{\rm FIR} = (2.8\pm{2.3}) \times 10^{12}$ L$_\odot$ and a stellar mass of $M_* \lesssim 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$, from spectral energy distribution fitting. According to these simple mass estimations, this gas-rich and X-ray bright galaxy might be in a transition phase from starburst to quasar offering a unique case for studying galaxy-black hole co-evolution under extremely dusty conditions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_00590
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Serendipitous Discovery of an Optically-Dark Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxy at $z$ = 3.4
Hayatsu, N. H.
Zhang, Zhi-Yu
Ivison, R. J.
Tsai, Chao-Wei
Zhou, Ping
Okoshi, Katsuya
Yang, Chentao
Nishimura, Yuri
Kohno, Kotaro
Kashikawa, Nobunari
Nagashima, Masahiro
Wang, Junfeng
Burgarella, Denis
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Dusty, submillimeter-selected galaxies without optical counterparts contribute a non-negligible fraction of the star formation in the early universe. However, such a population is difficult to detect through classical optical/UV-based surveys. We report the serendipitous discovery of such an optically dark galaxy, behind the quadruply-lensed $z=2.56$ quasar, H1413+117, offset to the north by 6\arcsec. From $^{12}$CO $J=4$--3, $J=6$--5, and part of the $J=13$--12 transitions, which all spatially coincide with a compact submillimeter continuum emission, we determine an unambiguous spectroscopic redshift, $z=3.386\pm 0.005$. This galaxy has a molecular mass $M_{\rm mol} \sim 10^{11}$ M$_\odot$ and a black hole mass $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{8}$ M$_\odot$, estimated from $^{12}$CO $J=4$--3 and archival {\it Chandra} X-ray data ($L_{\rm 2-10,keV} \sim 4 \times 10^{44}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$), respectively. We also estimate a total infrared luminosity of $L_{\rm FIR} = (2.8\pm{2.3}) \times 10^{12}$ L$_\odot$ and a stellar mass of $M_* \lesssim 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$, from spectral energy distribution fitting. According to these simple mass estimations, this gas-rich and X-ray bright galaxy might be in a transition phase from starburst to quasar offering a unique case for studying galaxy-black hole co-evolution under extremely dusty conditions.
title Serendipitous Discovery of an Optically-Dark Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxy at $z$ = 3.4
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00590