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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00590 |
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| _version_ | 1866915527986774016 |
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| author | Hayatsu, N. H. Zhang, Zhi-Yu Ivison, R. J. Tsai, Chao-Wei Zhou, Ping Okoshi, Katsuya Yang, Chentao Nishimura, Yuri Kohno, Kotaro Kashikawa, Nobunari Nagashima, Masahiro Wang, Junfeng Burgarella, Denis |
| author_facet | Hayatsu, N. H. Zhang, Zhi-Yu Ivison, R. J. Tsai, Chao-Wei Zhou, Ping Okoshi, Katsuya Yang, Chentao Nishimura, Yuri Kohno, Kotaro Kashikawa, Nobunari Nagashima, Masahiro Wang, Junfeng Burgarella, Denis |
| contents | Dusty, submillimeter-selected galaxies without optical counterparts contribute a non-negligible fraction of the star formation in the early universe. However, such a population is difficult to detect through classical optical/UV-based surveys. We report the serendipitous discovery of such an optically dark galaxy, behind the quadruply-lensed $z=2.56$ quasar, H1413+117, offset to the north by 6\arcsec. From $^{12}$CO $J=4$--3, $J=6$--5, and part of the $J=13$--12 transitions, which all spatially coincide with a compact submillimeter continuum emission, we determine an unambiguous spectroscopic redshift, $z=3.386\pm 0.005$. This galaxy has a molecular mass $M_{\rm mol} \sim 10^{11}$ M$_\odot$ and a black hole mass $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{8}$ M$_\odot$, estimated from $^{12}$CO $J=4$--3 and archival {\it Chandra} X-ray data ($L_{\rm 2-10,keV} \sim 4 \times 10^{44}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$), respectively. We also estimate a total infrared luminosity of $L_{\rm FIR} = (2.8\pm{2.3}) \times 10^{12}$ L$_\odot$ and a stellar mass of $M_* \lesssim 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$, from spectral energy distribution fitting. According to these simple mass estimations, this gas-rich and X-ray bright galaxy might be in a transition phase from starburst to quasar offering a unique case for studying galaxy-black hole co-evolution under extremely dusty conditions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_00590 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Serendipitous Discovery of an Optically-Dark Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxy at $z$ = 3.4 Hayatsu, N. H. Zhang, Zhi-Yu Ivison, R. J. Tsai, Chao-Wei Zhou, Ping Okoshi, Katsuya Yang, Chentao Nishimura, Yuri Kohno, Kotaro Kashikawa, Nobunari Nagashima, Masahiro Wang, Junfeng Burgarella, Denis Astrophysics of Galaxies Dusty, submillimeter-selected galaxies without optical counterparts contribute a non-negligible fraction of the star formation in the early universe. However, such a population is difficult to detect through classical optical/UV-based surveys. We report the serendipitous discovery of such an optically dark galaxy, behind the quadruply-lensed $z=2.56$ quasar, H1413+117, offset to the north by 6\arcsec. From $^{12}$CO $J=4$--3, $J=6$--5, and part of the $J=13$--12 transitions, which all spatially coincide with a compact submillimeter continuum emission, we determine an unambiguous spectroscopic redshift, $z=3.386\pm 0.005$. This galaxy has a molecular mass $M_{\rm mol} \sim 10^{11}$ M$_\odot$ and a black hole mass $M_{\rm BH} \sim 10^{8}$ M$_\odot$, estimated from $^{12}$CO $J=4$--3 and archival {\it Chandra} X-ray data ($L_{\rm 2-10,keV} \sim 4 \times 10^{44}$\,erg\,s$^{-1}$), respectively. We also estimate a total infrared luminosity of $L_{\rm FIR} = (2.8\pm{2.3}) \times 10^{12}$ L$_\odot$ and a stellar mass of $M_* \lesssim 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot}$, from spectral energy distribution fitting. According to these simple mass estimations, this gas-rich and X-ray bright galaxy might be in a transition phase from starburst to quasar offering a unique case for studying galaxy-black hole co-evolution under extremely dusty conditions. |
| title | Serendipitous Discovery of an Optically-Dark Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxy at $z$ = 3.4 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00590 |