Triple-Tone Microwave Control for Sensitivity Optimization in Compact Ensemble Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometers

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Chakravarty, Ankita, Ruhlmann, Romain, Halde, Vincent, Roy-Guay, David, Pioro-Ladrière, Michel, Childress, Lilian, Bérubé-Lauzière, Yves
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chakravarty, Ankita
Ruhlmann, Romain
Halde, Vincent
Roy-Guay, David
Pioro-Ladrière, Michel
Childress, Lilian
Bérubé-Lauzière, Yves
author_facet Chakravarty, Ankita
Ruhlmann, Romain
Halde, Vincent
Roy-Guay, David
Pioro-Ladrière, Michel
Childress, Lilian
Bérubé-Lauzière, Yves
contents Ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a well-established platform for quantum magnetometry under ambient conditions. One challenge arises from the hyperfine structure of the NV, which, for the common $^{14}$N isotope, results in a threefold reduction of contrast and thus sensitivity. By addressing each of the NV hyperfine transitions individually, triple-tone microwave (MW) control can mitigate this sensitivity loss. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the regimes in which triple-tone excitation offers an advantage over standard single-tone MW control for two DC magnetometry protocols: pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and Ramsey interferometry. We validate a master equation model of the NV dynamics against ensemble NV measurements, and use the model to explore triple-tone vs single-tone sensitivity for different MW powers and NV dephasing rates. For pulsed ODMR, triple-tone driving improves sensitivity by up to a factor of three in the low-dephasing regime, with diminishing gains when dephasing rates approach the hyperfine splitting. In contrast, for Ramsey interferometry, triple-tone excitation only improves sensitivity if MW power is limited. Our results delineate the operating regimes where triple-tone control provides a practical strategy for enhancing NV ensemble magnetometry in portable and power-limited sensors.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_00913
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Triple-Tone Microwave Control for Sensitivity Optimization in Compact Ensemble Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometers
Chakravarty, Ankita
Ruhlmann, Romain
Halde, Vincent
Roy-Guay, David
Pioro-Ladrière, Michel
Childress, Lilian
Bérubé-Lauzière, Yves
Quantum Physics
Ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a well-established platform for quantum magnetometry under ambient conditions. One challenge arises from the hyperfine structure of the NV, which, for the common $^{14}$N isotope, results in a threefold reduction of contrast and thus sensitivity. By addressing each of the NV hyperfine transitions individually, triple-tone microwave (MW) control can mitigate this sensitivity loss. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the regimes in which triple-tone excitation offers an advantage over standard single-tone MW control for two DC magnetometry protocols: pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and Ramsey interferometry. We validate a master equation model of the NV dynamics against ensemble NV measurements, and use the model to explore triple-tone vs single-tone sensitivity for different MW powers and NV dephasing rates. For pulsed ODMR, triple-tone driving improves sensitivity by up to a factor of three in the low-dephasing regime, with diminishing gains when dephasing rates approach the hyperfine splitting. In contrast, for Ramsey interferometry, triple-tone excitation only improves sensitivity if MW power is limited. Our results delineate the operating regimes where triple-tone control provides a practical strategy for enhancing NV ensemble magnetometry in portable and power-limited sensors.
title Triple-Tone Microwave Control for Sensitivity Optimization in Compact Ensemble Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometers
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.00913