GW250114 reveals black hole horizon signatures
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866911711947128832 |
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| author | Lu, Neil Ma, Sizheng Piccinni, Ornella J. Chen, Yanbei Sun, Ling |
| author_facet | Lu, Neil Ma, Sizheng Piccinni, Ornella J. Chen, Yanbei Sun, Ling |
| contents | The horizon of a black hole, the "surface of no return", is characterized by its rotation frequency $Ω_H$ and surface gravity $κ$. A striking signature is that any infalling object appears to orbit at $Ω_H$ due to frame dragging, while its emitted signals decay exponentially at a rate set by $κ$ as a consequence of gravitational redshift. Recent theoretical work predicts that the merger phase of gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescences carries direct imprints of the remnant horizon's properties, via a "direct wave" component that (i) oscillates near $2Ω_H$, reflecting the horizon's frame dragging and the dominant quadrupole nature of the gravitational radiation, and (ii) decays at an increasing rate characterized by $κ$, with additional screening from the black hole's potential barrier. In this paper, we report observational evidence for the direct wave in GW250114, with a 90\% credible matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of $15.8^{+0.1}_{-0.5}$ ($17.1^{+0.1}_{-0.4}$) in the LIGO Hanford (Livingston) detector. The measured properties are in full agreement with theoretical predictions. These findings establish a new observational channel to directly measure frame-dragging effects in black hole ergospheres and explore (near-)horizon physics in dynamical, strong-gravity regimes. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_01001 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | GW250114 reveals black hole horizon signatures Lu, Neil Ma, Sizheng Piccinni, Ornella J. Chen, Yanbei Sun, Ling General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Phenomenology The horizon of a black hole, the "surface of no return", is characterized by its rotation frequency $Ω_H$ and surface gravity $κ$. A striking signature is that any infalling object appears to orbit at $Ω_H$ due to frame dragging, while its emitted signals decay exponentially at a rate set by $κ$ as a consequence of gravitational redshift. Recent theoretical work predicts that the merger phase of gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescences carries direct imprints of the remnant horizon's properties, via a "direct wave" component that (i) oscillates near $2Ω_H$, reflecting the horizon's frame dragging and the dominant quadrupole nature of the gravitational radiation, and (ii) decays at an increasing rate characterized by $κ$, with additional screening from the black hole's potential barrier. In this paper, we report observational evidence for the direct wave in GW250114, with a 90\% credible matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of $15.8^{+0.1}_{-0.5}$ ($17.1^{+0.1}_{-0.4}$) in the LIGO Hanford (Livingston) detector. The measured properties are in full agreement with theoretical predictions. These findings establish a new observational channel to directly measure frame-dragging effects in black hole ergospheres and explore (near-)horizon physics in dynamical, strong-gravity regimes. |
| title | GW250114 reveals black hole horizon signatures |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01001 |