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Main Authors: Melo, Rui, Abreu, Rui, Pasareanu, Corina S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01288
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author Melo, Rui
Abreu, Rui
Pasareanu, Corina S.
author_facet Melo, Rui
Abreu, Rui
Pasareanu, Corina S.
contents We draw inspiration from microsaccades, tiny involuntary eye movements that reveal hidden dynamics of human perception, to propose an analogous probing method for large language models (LLMs). Just as microsaccades expose subtle but informative shifts in vision, we show that lightweight position encoding perturbations elicit latent signals that indicate model misbehaviour. Our method requires no fine-tuning or task-specific supervision, yet detects failures across diverse settings including factuality, safety, toxicity, and backdoor attacks. Experiments on multiple state-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate that these perturbation-based probes surface misbehaviours while remaining computationally efficient. These findings suggest that pretrained LLMs already encode the internal evidence needed to flag their own failures, and that microsaccade-inspired interventions provide a pathway for detecting and mitigating undesirable behaviours.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_01288
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Microsaccade-Inspired Probing: Positional Encoding Perturbations Reveal LLM Misbehaviours
Melo, Rui
Abreu, Rui
Pasareanu, Corina S.
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
We draw inspiration from microsaccades, tiny involuntary eye movements that reveal hidden dynamics of human perception, to propose an analogous probing method for large language models (LLMs). Just as microsaccades expose subtle but informative shifts in vision, we show that lightweight position encoding perturbations elicit latent signals that indicate model misbehaviour. Our method requires no fine-tuning or task-specific supervision, yet detects failures across diverse settings including factuality, safety, toxicity, and backdoor attacks. Experiments on multiple state-of-the-art LLMs demonstrate that these perturbation-based probes surface misbehaviours while remaining computationally efficient. These findings suggest that pretrained LLMs already encode the internal evidence needed to flag their own failures, and that microsaccade-inspired interventions provide a pathway for detecting and mitigating undesirable behaviours.
title Microsaccade-Inspired Probing: Positional Encoding Perturbations Reveal LLM Misbehaviours
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01288