MedQ-Bench: Evaluating and Exploring Medical Image Quality Assessment Abilities in MLLMs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Jiyao, Wei, Jinjie, Qu, Wanying, Ma, Chenglong, Ning, Junzhi, Li, Yunheng, Chen, Ying, Luo, Xinzhe, Chen, Pengcheng, Gao, Xin, Hu, Ming, Xu, Huihui, Wang, Xin, Gao, Shujian, Yang, Dingkang, Deng, Zhongying, Ye, Jin, Liu, Lihao, He, Junjun, Xu, Ningsheng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Liu, Jiyao
Wei, Jinjie
Qu, Wanying
Ma, Chenglong
Ning, Junzhi
Li, Yunheng
Chen, Ying
Luo, Xinzhe
Chen, Pengcheng
Gao, Xin
Hu, Ming
Xu, Huihui
Wang, Xin
Gao, Shujian
Yang, Dingkang
Deng, Zhongying
Ye, Jin
Liu, Lihao
He, Junjun
Xu, Ningsheng
author_facet Liu, Jiyao
Wei, Jinjie
Qu, Wanying
Ma, Chenglong
Ning, Junzhi
Li, Yunheng
Chen, Ying
Luo, Xinzhe
Chen, Pengcheng
Gao, Xin
Hu, Ming
Xu, Huihui
Wang, Xin
Gao, Shujian
Yang, Dingkang
Deng, Zhongying
Ye, Jin
Liu, Lihao
He, Junjun
Xu, Ningsheng
contents Medical Image Quality Assessment (IQA) serves as the first-mile safety gate for clinical AI, yet existing approaches remain constrained by scalar, score-based metrics and fail to reflect the descriptive, human-like reasoning process central to expert evaluation. To address this gap, we introduce MedQ-Bench, a comprehensive benchmark that establishes a perception-reasoning paradigm for language-based evaluation of medical image quality with Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). MedQ-Bench defines two complementary tasks: (1) MedQ-Perception, which probes low-level perceptual capability via human-curated questions on fundamental visual attributes; and (2) MedQ-Reasoning, encompassing both no-reference and comparison reasoning tasks, aligning model evaluation with human-like reasoning on image quality. The benchmark spans five imaging modalities and over forty quality attributes, totaling 2,600 perceptual queries and 708 reasoning assessments, covering diverse image sources including authentic clinical acquisitions, images with simulated degradations via physics-based reconstructions, and AI-generated images. To evaluate reasoning ability, we propose a multi-dimensional judging protocol that assesses model outputs along four complementary axes. We further conduct rigorous human-AI alignment validation by comparing LLM-based judgement with radiologists. Our evaluation of 14 state-of-the-art MLLMs demonstrates that models exhibit preliminary but unstable perceptual and reasoning skills, with insufficient accuracy for reliable clinical use. These findings highlight the need for targeted optimization of MLLMs in medical IQA. We hope that MedQ-Bench will catalyze further exploration and unlock the untapped potential of MLLMs for medical image quality evaluation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_01691
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MedQ-Bench: Evaluating and Exploring Medical Image Quality Assessment Abilities in MLLMs
Liu, Jiyao
Wei, Jinjie
Qu, Wanying
Ma, Chenglong
Ning, Junzhi
Li, Yunheng
Chen, Ying
Luo, Xinzhe
Chen, Pengcheng
Gao, Xin
Hu, Ming
Xu, Huihui
Wang, Xin
Gao, Shujian
Yang, Dingkang
Deng, Zhongying
Ye, Jin
Liu, Lihao
He, Junjun
Xu, Ningsheng
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Medical Image Quality Assessment (IQA) serves as the first-mile safety gate for clinical AI, yet existing approaches remain constrained by scalar, score-based metrics and fail to reflect the descriptive, human-like reasoning process central to expert evaluation. To address this gap, we introduce MedQ-Bench, a comprehensive benchmark that establishes a perception-reasoning paradigm for language-based evaluation of medical image quality with Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). MedQ-Bench defines two complementary tasks: (1) MedQ-Perception, which probes low-level perceptual capability via human-curated questions on fundamental visual attributes; and (2) MedQ-Reasoning, encompassing both no-reference and comparison reasoning tasks, aligning model evaluation with human-like reasoning on image quality. The benchmark spans five imaging modalities and over forty quality attributes, totaling 2,600 perceptual queries and 708 reasoning assessments, covering diverse image sources including authentic clinical acquisitions, images with simulated degradations via physics-based reconstructions, and AI-generated images. To evaluate reasoning ability, we propose a multi-dimensional judging protocol that assesses model outputs along four complementary axes. We further conduct rigorous human-AI alignment validation by comparing LLM-based judgement with radiologists. Our evaluation of 14 state-of-the-art MLLMs demonstrates that models exhibit preliminary but unstable perceptual and reasoning skills, with insufficient accuracy for reliable clinical use. These findings highlight the need for targeted optimization of MLLMs in medical IQA. We hope that MedQ-Bench will catalyze further exploration and unlock the untapped potential of MLLMs for medical image quality evaluation.
title MedQ-Bench: Evaluating and Exploring Medical Image Quality Assessment Abilities in MLLMs
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01691