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Main Authors: Zhang, Hangfan, Xu, Siyuan, Guo, Zhimeng, Zhu, Huaisheng, Liu, Shicheng, Wang, Xinrun, Zhang, Qiaosheng, Chen, Yang, Ye, Peng, Bai, Lei, Hu, Shuyue
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02752
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author Zhang, Hangfan
Xu, Siyuan
Guo, Zhimeng
Zhu, Huaisheng
Liu, Shicheng
Wang, Xinrun
Zhang, Qiaosheng
Chen, Yang
Ye, Peng
Bai, Lei
Hu, Shuyue
author_facet Zhang, Hangfan
Xu, Siyuan
Guo, Zhimeng
Zhu, Huaisheng
Liu, Shicheng
Wang, Xinrun
Zhang, Qiaosheng
Chen, Yang
Ye, Peng
Bai, Lei
Hu, Shuyue
contents Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but such training typically demands substantial efforts in creating and annotating data. In this work, we explore improving LLMs through RL with minimal data. Our approach alternates between the LLM proposing a task and then attempting to solve it. To minimize data dependency, we introduce two novel mechanisms grounded in self-awareness: (1) self-aware difficulty prediction, where the model learns to assess task difficulty relative to its own abilities and prioritize challenging yet solvable tasks, and (2) self-aware limit breaking, where the model recognizes when a task is beyond its capability boundary and proactively requests external data to break through that limit. Extensive experiments on nine benchmarks showing a 53.8% relative improvement with less than 1.2% extra data demonstrate the efficacy of self-aware RL and underscore the promise of self-evolving agent training.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2510_02752
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Path of Self-Evolving Large Language Models: Achieving Data-Efficient Learning via Intrinsic Feedback
Zhang, Hangfan
Xu, Siyuan
Guo, Zhimeng
Zhu, Huaisheng
Liu, Shicheng
Wang, Xinrun
Zhang, Qiaosheng
Chen, Yang
Ye, Peng
Bai, Lei
Hu, Shuyue
Computation and Language
Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but such training typically demands substantial efforts in creating and annotating data. In this work, we explore improving LLMs through RL with minimal data. Our approach alternates between the LLM proposing a task and then attempting to solve it. To minimize data dependency, we introduce two novel mechanisms grounded in self-awareness: (1) self-aware difficulty prediction, where the model learns to assess task difficulty relative to its own abilities and prioritize challenging yet solvable tasks, and (2) self-aware limit breaking, where the model recognizes when a task is beyond its capability boundary and proactively requests external data to break through that limit. Extensive experiments on nine benchmarks showing a 53.8% relative improvement with less than 1.2% extra data demonstrate the efficacy of self-aware RL and underscore the promise of self-evolving agent training.
title The Path of Self-Evolving Large Language Models: Achieving Data-Efficient Learning via Intrinsic Feedback
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02752